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Linux Distribution Analysys: common ground and differences

This guide, for experienced Linux sysadmins, cover the main issues of the system logic, underlining the common backgrouns and the differences between the various major distributions.

Scheda Corso

Programma- Linux Distributions overview
- Installation
- The boot process
- Managing services
- File System and directory tree
- Network and firewall configuration
- Linux's OpenSource software base
- Software packages management and update
- Task scheduling
- Users management
- Logs and documentationGiorni1TargetThe guide is aimed at Linux sysamins having basic knowledge of a *nix system, need to explore, understand and manage different distributions. PrerequisitiGood basic knowledge of Linux systems.ObiettivoMaterialiGuide in elecronic format.

Programma

Linux Distributions

Analysys and compraison of various Linux distributions

Obiettivo:

Linux Distributions overview

An overview of Linux Distributions: companies, entities, individuals and their efforts.

Installing Linux

Overview of Linux Installation on different distributions.

The boot process

Linux boot process: loader, kernel, init.

Linux software management

How software is installed, updated and managed on different Linux distributions

Linux Network configuration

Configuration of networking and security on different Linux distro

The Linux filesystem

Overview of the filesystems and directory hierarchy on Linux

System Administration

Common administration activities on Linux distributions



Linux Distributions


Linux Distributions overview

An overview of Linux Distributions: companies, entities, individuals and their efforts.

Linux Distributions: a coherent chaos

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-16 23:33:38 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-16 23:33:38
Tipo Infobox: DESCRIPTION - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

Linux, a Babylon of [*]nix delirium:
- More than 300 distributions, made in 51 different countries,  collecting thousands of software projects.
- Dedicated to different uses: desktop, laptop, server, mainframe, firewall, embedded devices, system recovery, terminals, streaming stations...
- Provided in different forms: CD Roms, Floppy, Network Installation, USB and Flash cards.
- Ready for different platforms: Intel compatible 32 bit (ix86) and 64 bit (ia64), PowerPC, sparc, alpha, motorola 68000, i390...

In this apparent chaos, there's still logic and order (much more than what you could expect):
- There are few major distro, from which others are derived: Debian, RedHat, Knoppix, Slackware, Mandrake, SUSE, Gentoo
- They use a common base of GNU and Open Source software and tools
- They share a Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
- [You can use, learn and know just one of them and apply the inner logic for the others]
- And, most of all, they're always a wonderful Unix KISS

Our focus on The Big Ones:
Debian, "World Made" entirely developed by the community, purely free (as speech). Last version: 3.0r2. Derivated distros: 100
RedHat, Made in USA. Commercial version: RedHat Enterprise Linux, free version: Fedora.. Last versions: RHEL 3.0, Fedora 2. Derivated distros: 63
Knoppix, Made in Germany. Free. Live CD. Last version: 3.6. Derivated distros: 45
SlackWare, Made in USA. One of the first Linux distro. Free. Last version 10. Derivated distros: 27
Mandrake, Made in France. Free with restrictions. Last version: 10. Derivated distros: 11
Gentoo, Made in USA. Free. Portage (sources) based. Last version: 2004.2 Derivated distros: 8
SUSE, Made in Germany. Free with restrictions. Last version: 9.1, Derivated distros: 3
Source: www.distrowatch.com - Last update 6 September 2004

Other important distributions are: TurboLinux, YellowDog, Conectiva, Linspire, Xandros, Lycoris

RedHat: History of releases

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-17 00:06:45 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-17 00:06:45
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

RedHat is the most known and biggest company in the world whose business is entirely based on Linux. It's the first distribution maker that has quoted its shares at Nasdaq and one of the not so many companies that has built a successful Linux business model.
Originally founded by Marc Ewing, it was purchased in 1995 by Bob Young's ACC Bookstores. During the following years, version after version, it has gained a reputation of distro good for servers (even if by far not the best one, according to purists) with easy installation and configuration tools.

The first public release of Red Hat Linux (version 1.0) is dated 1994, after the older historic distro as Slackware, but still largely before the big Linux boost of the following years.

Chronology of Red Hat releases
RedHat 1.0 (Mother's Day), November 3, 1994
RedHat 1.1 (Mother's Day+0.1), August 1, 1995
RedHat 2.0, September 20, 1995
RedHat 2.1, November 23, 1995
RedHat 3.0.3 (Picasso), May 1, 1996
RedHat 4.0 (Colgate), October 8, 1996
RedHat 4.1 (Vanderbilt), February 3, 1997
RedHat 4.2 (Biltmore), May 19, 1997
RedHat 5.0 (Hurricane), December 1, 1997
RedHat 5.1 (Manhattan), May 22, 1998
RedHat 5.2 (Apollo), November 2, 1998
RedHat 6.0 (Hedwig), April 26, 1999
RedHat 6.1 (Cartman), October 4, 1999
RedHat 6.2 (Zoot), April 3, 2000
RedHat 7 (Guinness), September 25, 2000
RedHat 7.1 (Seawolf), April 16, 2001
RedHat 7.2 (Enigma), October 22, 2001
RedHat 7.3 (Valhalla), May 6, 2002
RedHat Enterprise Edition 2.1 AS (Pensacola), May 6 2002
RedHat 8.0 (Psyche), September 30, 2002
RedHat 9 (Shrike), March 31, 2003

The Fedora and Red Hat Projects merged September 22, 2003 when RedHat made the discussed choice to split its product line in 2 main branches: the free and open Fedora and the commercial, enterprise-ready, Red Hat Enterprise Edition.
RedHat Enterprise Edition 3.0 (Taroon), October 22 2003
Fedora Core 1 (Yarrow), was published November 2003
Fedora Core 1.90 (FC2 Test 1), February 4, 2004
Fedora Core 2 (Tettnang), May 11, 2004

Slackware: The oldest, still kicking

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-11-13 20:25:18 - Data di creazione: 2004-11-13 20:25:18
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

Slackware is the oldest Linux distribution that is still actively maintained and supported.
It was released in 1993, shortly after the the release of its parent SLS Linux, according to many, the first real public Linux distribution.
Leaded since the beginning by Patrick Volkerding, Slackware has its own place carved in the stone of Linux world.

It has a devoted supporting base, both for its age and its no frills logic, which somehow is a glimpse of its ancient origins. Slackware is one of the few distros that features BDS like init scripts (SysV is still supported), an essential and somehow primitive packaging system (tgz), a text based semi-manual installation procedure and few custom configuration tools.
Many love it because they know it and appreciate its essential structure, others simply find it too difficult compared to other popular distros and avoid it.

Chronology of Slackware releases
n/a (1993-07-11) Kernel 0.99pl11A, "SLS-like system" pre-announced on comp.os.linux. Patrick's email was posted on the Cleveland FreeNet, sponsored by CWRU.
Slackware 1.00 (1993-07-17) Kernel 0.99pl11A, Announced on c.o.l. TeX had to be installed from the SLS T-series floppies. With: gcc-2.4.5, libc-4.4.1.
Slackware 1.01 (1993-08-04) Kernel 0.99pl12A, with: ksh, tcl, XFree86 1.3.
Slackware 1.0.2 (1993-09-05) Kernel 0.99pl12, with: emacs 19.19, games, change in versioning 1.01 -> 1.0.2.
Slackware 1.0.3 (1993-09-15) Kernel 0.99pl12, with: pine
Slackware 1.0.4 (1993-10-01) With: Tin/XView updates
Slackware 1.1.0 (1993-11-04) Kernel 0.99pl13. Disk sets: A, E, IV, OI, OOP, TCL, X, XAP, XD, XV, Y.
Slackware 1.1.1 (1994-02-xx) Kernel 0.99pl14. 51 floppies. XFree86 2.0, libc 4.4.4. TeX
Slackware 1.2 (1994-03-27) Kernel 1.0 "Installing all takes about 200MB"
Slackware 2.0 (1994-06-25) Kernel 1.0.9, 1.1.18  Also Morse Communications "Slackware Pro"
Slackware 2.1 (1994-11-15) Kernel 1.1.59, 65 floppies, plus boot & root disks
Slackware 2.2 (1995-03-??) Kernel 1.2.1
Slackware 2.3 (1995-05-??) Kernel 1.2.8, libc 4.6.27, XFree86 3.1.1
Slackware 3.0 (1995-09-30) Kernel 1.2.13, 1.3.1 First ELF. Walnut Creek CDROM.
Slackware 3.1.0 (1996-07-03) Kernel 2.0.0 Called "Slackware'96". libc 5.3.12.
Slackware 3.1.0 (1997-01-13) Kernel 2.0.27 Also called "Slackware '96"
Slackware 3.2.0 (1997-02-17) Kernel 2.0.29
Slackware 3.3.0 (1997-07-11) Kernel 2.0.30     
Slackware 3.4.0 (1997-10-14) Kernel 2.0.30     
Slackware 3.5.0 (1998-06-09) Kernel 2.0.34,  libc 5.4.44, XFree86 3.3.2.2
Slackware 3.6.0 (1998-10-28) Kernel 2.0.35 "Recommend 500MB for full install"
Slackware 3.9 (1999-05-17) Kernel 2.0.37 Co-released with 4.0
Slackware 4.0.0 (1999-05-17) Kernel 2.2.6, 2.2.7 "Recommend 1GB for full install", XFree86 3.3.3.1 First kde 1.1.1
Slackware 7.0 (1999-10-25) Kernel 2.2.13 First glibc2, "recommend 2GB partition", Version jump from 4 to 7.
Slackware 7.1 (2000-06-22) Kernel 2.2.16, XFree86 3.3.6. First gnome.
Slackware 8.0 (2001-06-28) Kernel 2.2.19, 2.4.5, XFree86 4.1.0, kde-2.1.1
Slackware 8.1 (2002-06-19) Kernel 2.4.18, XFree86 4.2.0, kde-3.0.1, gnome-1.4.1, First mozilla
Slackware 9.0 (2003-03-20) Kernel 2.4.20, gcc-3.2.2, XFree-4.3.0, kde-3.1, gnome-2.2
Slackware 9.1 (2003-09-25) Kernel2.4.22, GCC 3.2.3 (with GCC 3.3.1 as an alternate choice), GNOME 2.4.0, and KDE 3.1.4. Slackware 9.1 uses the stable 2.4.22 kernel, but is 2.6.x ready.
Slackware 10.0 (2004-06-22) Kernel 2.4.26, gcc 3.3.4, X11R6 (xorg) replacing XFree86 for the fist time, KDE 3.2.3, Gnome 2.6.2

Mandrake: story of a french magic

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-17 00:07:59 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-17 00:07:59
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

Mandrake is a relatively recent distro which has fastly gained a good public response mostly for its ease of use and graphical oriented nature. First released the 23rd of July 1998 as the personal effort of Gaël Duval, based on RedHat Linux, is has gained immediate attention, enough to convince him to found Mandrake Soft in November 1998.

Besides the new releaes presented, freely downloadable for the Community Edition and commercial for the boxed or server editions, there is always an "under developement" snapshot called "cooker" which is nightly updated.
Mandrake Soft is quoted at US OTC market and the Paris Euronext Marché Libre, it has suffered a terrible 2003, risking bankruptcy, but after dramatic cost cuttings and better focus of high margin products and services, it seems to have recovered from the critic status and in March 2004 has exited from Chapter 11 like protection.

Chronology of Releases
Mandrake 5.1     Venice, 1998     
Mandrake 5.2     Leeloo, 1998     
Mandrake 5.3     Festen, 1999     
Mandrake 6.0     Venus, 1999     
Mandrake 6.1     Helios, 1999     
Mandrake 7.0     Air, 2000     
Mandrake 7.1     Helium, 2000     
Mandrake 7.2     Ulysses, 2001     
Mandrake 8.0     Traktopel, 2001     
Mandrake 8.1     Vitamin, 2001     
Mandrake 8.2     Bluebird, 2002     
Mandrake 9.0     Dolphin, 2002     
Mandrake 9.1     Bamboo, 2003     
Mandrake 9.2     FiveStar, 2003     
Mandrake 10.0     Community and Official, 2004     
N/A     N/A     Cooker

Debian: History of an ideal

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2005-09-13 10:00:36 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-17 00:07:39
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

Debian is the oldest and most important Linux distribution entirely based on the collaborative work of volunteers worldwide. Even if the single people working on Debian may work on specific companies, the whole project does not have direct ties to a commercial entity or company.

It's probably the most impressive example of distributed, open source, collaborative software development, probably even more than the same Linux kernel. The Debian Project was officially founded by Ian Murdock on August 16th, 1993 and is considered one of the "purest" Linux distro in terms of independence from business logics and adherence to the free software standards.

Chronology of Debian releases
Debian 0.01 through 0.90 (August-December 1993). Mainly packaged by Ian Murdock with the help of few volunteers.
Debian 0.91 (January 1994). Introduction of a simple package system.
Debian 0.93R5 (March 1995): Responsibility for each package was clearly assigned to a developer (maintainer). dpkg introduced.
Debian 0.93R6 (November 1995): dselect appears. Last version with a.out binaries.
Debian 1.0 was never released for a naming problem with a CD vendor,
Debian 1.1 Buzz (June 17th, 1996): This was the first Debian release with a code name. This release was fully ELF, used Linux kernel 2.0, and contained 474 packages.
Debian 1.2 Rex (December 12th, 1996): This release consisted of 848 packages maintained by 120 developers
Debian 1.3 Bo (June 5th, 1997): This release consisted of 974 packages maintained by 200 developers.
Debian 2.0 Hamm (July 24th, 1998): This was the first multi-architecture release of Debian, adding support for the Motorola 68000 series architectures. This release made the transition to libc6, and consisted of over 1500 packages maintained by over 400 developers.
Debian 2.1 Slink (March 9th, 1999): Two more architectures were added, Alpha and SPARC. This release consisted of about 2250 packages and required 2 CDs in the official set. The key technical innovation was the introduction of apt, a new package management interface.
Debian 2.2 Potato (15 August 2000): This release added support for the PowerPC and ARM architectures, it consisted of more than 3900 binary packages derived from over 2600 source packages maintained by more than 450 Debian developers.
Debian 3.0 Woody (19 July 2002): New architectures were added: IA-64, HP PA-RISC, MIPS (big endian), MIPS (little endian) and S/390. This is also the first release to include cryptographic software due to the restrictions for exportation being lightened in the US, and also the first one to include KDE. It boasts more than 900 Debian developers,  around 8500 binary packages and 7 binary CDs in the official set.
Debian 3.1 Sarge (6 June 2005): Awaited for long, Sarge got stable after many months of freeze and testing. It boasts many updates, 9000 new packages (among these OpenOffice, Thunderbird and Firefox), kernel 2.4 and 2.6, better multilanguage support and a renewed installation tool. A Major milestone in Debian history.


Installing Linux

Overview of Linux Installation on different distributions.

Suse - Installation

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2005-02-11 23:38:49 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-14 21:16:46
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

SuSE's installation procedure has always been quite user friendly leaving, at the same time, the option for advanced customization for experienced users.
YaST obviously makes the difference and gives the opportunity to choose a graphical or a text based front end.

Before launching YaST it is possible to load additional kernel drivers, set various basic parameters (keyboard, language, monitor), obtain basic information about the local hardware and decide the installation medium (CDROM, NFS, FTP, hard disk) with linuxrc.
The installation procedure is similar to the one of other modern Linux distribution with support for software RAID, LVM, crypted file systems and, very useful when you haven't already free partitions, the possibility of changing the size of the current partitions (it tries to do it also on NTFS partitions).
If you find problems, at boot time you can select a memory test, disable functions that might give problems with your hardware (ACPI support, for example) or try to boot with the second CDROM with a different booting ISO.
Since YaST is used both for installation and configuration of the system, it is possible to decide a remarkable amount of settings during installation, from the network device on your system (NIC, modem, ISDN card, ADSL) to the authentication method (NIS, NIS+, LDAP), from the recognition of audio, video and tv cards to the configuration of printers. At the end it's possible to launch immediately a network update of the installed software, decide the updates policies and, remarkably, choose to download external software (MS core fonts or NVIDIA 3d drivers) that can't be included in the package.

Installing the Penguin

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-14 21:14:56 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-14 21:14:56
Tipo Infobox: DESCRIPTION - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

Installing Linux can be extremely simple and automated or more complex and manual.

Whatever the distro used the general process follows common steps:
- A Linux kernel is booted from the installation medium (CDROM/Floppy/Network/USB) and starts a limited Linux system (the Installer program, one or to terminals with a shell, some logging output on virtual consoles)
- The Installer program starts and guides the user to the definition of common parameters: language to be used, time and timezone, password of root user, network parameters, packages to be installed, login and password of normal users...
- A critical part of the installation process is disk space partitioning. There's usually a graphical front end which permits to create new partitions (and in some case resize current ones without deleting data). The partitions selected for installation are created, formatted and mounted in a subdirectory of the current system.
- The system is chrooted on the newly created partitions and the selected packages are installed (alternatively packages are installed using as root directory the mount point of the new system)
- Hardware devices are recognized and configured. Generally a multi-purpose modular kernel, able to recognize different hardware and sometimes optimized for the underlining processor, is installed as default
- A Linux Loader (lilo or grub) is installed on the selected device/partition, usually the Master Boot Record.

The installation can take from few minutes (a Linspire box, where almost nothing is asked to the user) to several hours (a Gentoo system, where everything can be compiled from scratch).
After the first reboot, the system is ready with plenty of installed software and the ability the update it automatically from the net.
Here is a general overview on the major distros:
RedHat: Anaconda Graphical Installer. Easy and standard procedure.
Debian: Debian Installer. Text based. Not particularly easy, can be quite verbose
Slackware: Text based. Not particularly easy. Requires user "consciousness".
Mandrake: Graphical installer. Complete, easy and versatile (allows partitions resize)
SUSE: Yast2 graphical installer. Complete, easy, and versatile (allows partitions resize)
Gentoo: User driven installation procedure. Complete documentation, completely manual.

Fedora - Installation

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-14 21:19:31 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-14 21:19:31
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

Red Hat Fedora 2's installation procedure is very similar to the one used in every recent Red Hat Linux. Anaconda is the historic installer used by Red Hat and, even if not the best of the bunch around, does well its work and proves to be quite easy to manage.

This release's highlights are a 2.6 kernel with SELinux support (disabled by default, type selinux at the first prompt in order to activate it), KDE 3.2.2, Gnome 2.6, X.Org instead of XFree86 as X window manager.

Hardware requirements for Fedora Core 2
MINIMUM - Pentium-class CPU, 620MB disk space, 64MB RAM (text mode) or 192MB RAM (graphical mode)
RECCOMENDED - 400 MHz Pentium II CPU or better, 6 GB disk space or more, 256MB RAM (graphical mode)

The Installation procedure follows the usual steps:
- Media Check (it takes a long time to check the installation CDs, use it only to be use about the integrity of file or if you've had problems during the installation of packages)
- Welcome Page, Language Selection, Keyboard Configuration, Mouse Configuration, Monitor Configuration
- Installation Type can be: Custom Installation (Minimal): 620MB; Server: 1.1GB; Personal Desktop: 2.3GB; Workstation: 3.0GB; Custom Installation (Everything): 6.9GB or Custom Installation with user selected packages.
- Disk Partitioning Setup uses the tool Druid which is good but does not let you resize existing partitions without deleting data (necessary when installing Linux on a box with Windows and no spare partitions)
- Boot Loader Installation uses Grub by default. Lilo can be chosen as alternative but is going to be removed in future versions.
- Network configuration with a good hardware recognition range.
- Firewall configuration with a quite basic graphic interface adequate mostly for a desktop system.
- Set root password
- Authentication configuration with the ability to check credentials against Kerberos, LDAP, NT or Active Directory domain (Winbind), Hesiod, NIS.
- Package group selection

The installation logs are placed in /root/install.log, /root/install.log.syslog and a ready to use kickstart configuration file with the used settings is stored /root/anaconda-ks.cfg.

Slackware - Installation

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-14 21:25:08 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-14 21:25:08
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

Installing Slackware requires basic skills that are averagely superior to the ones necessary for other distributions.
The minimal hardware requirements for a text based system are quite limited: 386 processor, 16MB RAM, 50 megabytes of hard disk space, 3.5" floppy drive.

If you boot the system via floppy you have at disposal various different boot images in order to recognize different hardware (mostly older non ATAPI CDROMS and SCSI adapters).
The installation procedure is semi manual and its most critical part, the disk partitioning phase, is done with the command line tool fdisk which, even if widely used in Linux, is not the easiest choice for a beginner.
The rest of the installation procedure is handled via the setup menu, where the user can choose the keymap, the installation source, the destination directory, what programs have to be installed (with the program pkgtool), some system configuration settings as network parameters (tool netconfig), windows managers (xwmconfig), where to placed the Linux loader.

If you want to install Slack via the console port (ie via modem o terminal server) you have to write something like ramdisk console=ttyS0 at the boot prompt (assuming you are using COM 1 - ttyS0).

Suse - Installation logs

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-19 20:59:45 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-19 20:59:45
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

All the informations relative top the installation procedure can be viewed checking Yast2's logs, which include all the activities made with Yast from installation to later general administration.
/var/log/YaST2/y2log stores detailed info about every Yest2 settings.
/var/log/YaST2/y2loggrub gives info on the grub installation commands.
/var/log/YaST2/y2logRPM contains info about the installed packages.

vagante:/root# cat /var/log/YaST2/y2loggrub
    GNU GRUB  version 0.94  (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)
[...]
grub> root (hd0,8)
Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
grub> install  --stage2=/boot/grub/stage2 /boot/grub/stage1 d (hd0,8) /boot/grub/stage2 0x8000 (hd0,8)/boot/grub/menu.lst
This is the command used to install grub on the system (here on the boot sector of /dev/hda9). Useful to reinstall it on a damaged or modified boot block
grub> quit

vagante:/root# cat /var/log/YaST2/y2logRPM
suse-release-9.1-0.i586.rpm installed ok
yast2-trans-en_US-2.9.5-5.noarch.rpm installed ok
kdeartwork3-sound-3.2.1-53.i586.rpm installed ok
[...]
Here you find the full list of installed packages, with some notes on their operations.
lirc-0.7.0cvs20040308-30.i586.rpm installed ok
Additional rpm output:
Updating etc/sysconfig/lirc...
[...]
logrotate-3.7-31.i586.rpm installed ok
lbreakout-2.4.1-247.i586.rpm installed ok
Additional rpm output:
Starting SuSEconfig, the SuSE Configuration Tool...
Running module permissions only
Reading /etc/sysconfig and updating the system...
Executing /sbin/conf.d/SuSEconfig.permissions...
Checking permissions and ownerships - using the permissions files
        /etc/permissions.d/cups-client
        /etc/permissions.d/kdebase3
        /etc/permissions.d/kdelibs3
        /etc/permissions.d/postfix
        /etc/permissions
        /etc/permissions.easy
        /etc/permissions.local
setting /opt/kde3/bin/fileshareset to root:root 4755. (wrong permissions 0755)
setting /opt/kde3/bin/kgrantpty to root:root 4755. (wrong permissions 0755)
setting /etc/crontab to root:root 0644. (wrong permissions 0600)
setting /etc/ssh/sshd_config to root:root 0644. (wrong permissions 0640)
setting /etc/syslog.conf to root:root 0644. (wrong permissions 0600)
setting /usr/bin/at to root:trusted 4755. (wrong permissions 4750)
setting /usr/bin/crontab to root:trusted 4755. (wrong permissions 4750)
setting /usr/bin/ziptool to root:trusted 4755. (wrong permissions 4750)
setting /bin/eject to root:audio 4755. (wrong permissions 4750)
setting /var/log/lastlog to root:tty 0644. (wrong owner/group root:root)
setting /usr/X11R6/bin/v4l-conf to root:video 4755. (wrong permissions 4750)
setting /sbin/cardctl to root:trusted 4755. (wrong permissions 4750)
setting /usr/X11R6/bin/dga to root:root 4755. (wrong permissions 0755)
setting /usr/bin/wall to root:tty 2755. (wrong permissions 0755)
setting /usr/bin/write to root:tty 2755. (wrong permissions 0755)
setting /usr/sbin/mgnokiidev to root:uucp 4755. (wrong permissions 0755)
setting /usr/lib/mc/cons.saver to root:root 4755. (wrong permissions 0755)
setting /opt/kde3/bin/artswrapper to root:root 4755. (wrong permissions 0755)
setting /opt/kde3/bin/khc_indexbuilder to root:man 2755. (wrong permissions 0755)
setting /opt/kde3/bin/kpac_dhcp_helper to root:root 4755. (wrong permissions 0755)
setting /usr/games/lbreakout2 to games:games 2755. (wrong permissions 0755)
Finished.

pwlib-plugins-alsa-1.6.5-8.i586.rpm installed ok
[...]

Mandrake - Installlation logs

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-17 13:11:12 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-17 13:11:12
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Mandrake's installation tool DrakX stores a lot of information in the directory /root/drakx:
/root/drakx/stage1.log Displays the system information gathered during the first CD boot
/root/drakx/install.log Shows the installed packages and relative warnings.
/root/drakx/auto_inst.cfg.pl Is a perl script summarizing the installation settings that can be used to repeat unattended installations with the same parameters, a ready to dump floppy image to replay the same installation is also created: replay_install.img
/root/drakx/ddebug.log Is a verbose debug of the full installation choices using DrakX.

[root@vagante drakx]# ls -l /root/drakx/
total 2024
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   11975 Apr 22 21:51 auto_inst.cfg.pl
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  441097 Apr 22 21:51 ddebug.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   42381 Apr 22 21:50 install.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root     245 Apr 22 21:51 README
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1474560 Apr 22 21:51 replay_install.img
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   88375 Apr 22 21:51 report.bug.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root root    2212 Apr 22 21:51 stage1.log

[root@vagante al]# cat /root/drakx/stage1.log
* welcome to the Mandrake Linux install (mdk-stage1, version 10.0 built Mar 29 2004 10:17:15)
* opening /proc/cmdline...
*       initrd=alt0/all.rdz ramdisk_size=128000 root=/dev/ram3 acpi=ht vga=788 automatic=method:cdrom BOOT_IMAGE=alt0
* AUTOMATIC MODE: got 1 params
*       got 7 args
* spawning a shell
* cannot open shell - /tmp/sh doesn't exist
* loading modules dependencies
* PCMCIA: probing PCI bus..
*       ENE Technology CB1411 found, 2 sockets (driver yenta_socket).
* have to insmod pcmcia_core
* needs pcmcia_core
*       succeeded pcmcia_core
* have to insmod yenta_socket
* needs yenta_socket
*       succeeded yenta_socket
* have to insmod ds
* needs ds
*       succeeded ds
* CM: cardmgr/hacked starting, version is 3.1.29
* CM: watching 1 sockets
* CM: warning, Card Services release does not match kernel (generally harmless)
* cardmgr rc: 0
* PCI: device 8086 24d2 ffff ffff is "", driver is usb-uhci
* have to insmod uhci-hcd
* needs usbcore
* needs uhci-hcd
*       succeeded uhci-hcd
* PCI: device 8086 24d4 ffff ffff is "", driver is usb-uhci
* PCI: device 8086 24d7 ffff ffff is "", driver is usb-uhci
* PCI: device 8086 24dd ffff ffff is "", driver is ehci-hcd
* have to insmod ehci-hcd
* needs ehci-hcd
*       succeeded ehci-hcd
* PCI: device 104c 8026 ffff ffff is "", driver is ohci1394
* have to insmod ohci1394
* needs ieee1394
* needs ohci1394
*       succeeded ohci1394
* have to insmod usbkbd
* needs usbkbd
*       succeeded usbkbd
* have to insmod keybdev
* needs keybdev
* file-not-found-in-archive keybdev.ko (maybe you can try another boot floppy such as 'hdcdrom_usb.img')
* warning, insmod failed (keybdev (null)) (2)
* AUTOMATIC: parameter cdrom for method means returning CDROM drive
* have to insmod ide-cd
* needs cdrom
* needs ide-cd
*       succeeded ide-cd
* looking for ide media
* IDE/1: hda is a TOSHIBA MK6021GAS
* IDE/0: hdc is a HL-DT-STCD-RW/DVD DRIVE GCC-4241N
* mounting /dev/hdc on /tmp/image as type iso9660
* have to insmod isofs
* needs isofs
*       succeeded isofs
* found a Mandrake Linux CDROM, good news!
* Total Memory: 512 Mbytes
* trying to load /tmp/image/Mandrake/base/mdkinst_stage2.bz2 as a ramdisk
* mounting /dev/ram3 on /tmp/stage2 as type ext2
* stage1: disconnecting life support systems

[root@vagante drakx]# cat/root/drakx/install.log
ldconfig-2.3.3-10mdk.i586.rpm
sash-3.6-5mdk.i586.rpm
pwdb-conf-0.61.2-3mdk.i586.rpm
libtermcap2-2.0.8-35mdk.i586.rpm
bash-2.05b-16mdk.i586.rpm
glibc-2.3.3-10mdk.i586.rpm
/var/tmp/rpm-tmp.60640: line 24: rm: command not found
%post(glibc-2.3.3-10mdk) scriptlet failed, exit status 127
chkconfig-1.3.8-5mdk.i586.rpm
[...]
MySQL-client-4.0.18-1mdk.i586.rpm
apache2-manual-2.0.48-6mdk.i586.rpm
apache2-mod_ssl-2.0.48-6mdk.i586.rpm
43 semi-random bytes loaded
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
..++++++
..........................................................++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.

There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
1. Country Name             (2 letter code) []:2. State or Province Name   (full name)     []:3. Locality Name            (eg, city)      []:4. Organization Name        (eg, company)   [WWW.ADVX.ORG TEMPORARY CERTIFICATE localhost.i1WNod]:5. Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)   [For Testing Purposes Only]:6. Common Name              (eg, CA name)   [localhost.i1WNod]:7. Email Address            (eg, name@FQDN) []:Signature ok
subject=/O=WWW.ADVX.ORG TEMPORARY CERTIFICATE localhost.i1WNod/OU=For Testing Purposes Only/CN=localhost.i1WNod
Getting Private key
writing RSA key
43 semi-random bytes loaded
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
....++++++
............................................++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
1. Country Name             (2 letter code) []:2. State or Province Name   (full name)     []:3. Locality Name            (eg, city)      []:4. Organization Name        (eg, company)   [localhost.i1WNod]:5. Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)   [localhost.i1WNod]:6. Common Name              (eg, DOMAIN NAME)   [localhost.i1WNod]:7. Email Address            (eg, name@fqdn) []:Signature ok
subject=/O=localhost.i1WNod/OU=localhost.i1WNod/CN=localhost.i1WNod
Getting CA Private Key
writing RSA key
apache2-mod_suexec-2.0.48-1mdk.i586.rpm
audacity-1.2.0-1mdk.i586.rpm
bash-completion-20040101-2mdk.noarch.rpm
bison-1.875-4mdk.i586.rpm
crack-attack-music-1-2mdk.noarch.rpm
crack-attack-sounds-1-2mdk.noarch.rpm
dia-0.92.2-2mdk.i586.rpm
dump-0.4b34-2mdk.i586.rpm
efax-0.9a-2mdk.i586.rpm
grub-doc-0.93-5mdk.i586.rpm
[...]
XFree86-server-4.3-30mdk.i586.rpm
NVIDIA_kernel-smp-2.6.3.7mdk-5336-6mdk.i586.rpm
NVIDIA_kernel-2.6.3.7mdk-5336-6mdk.i586.rpm
NVIDIA_GLX-5336-6mdk.i586.rpm

[root@vagante drakx]# cat /root/drakx/auto_inst.cfg.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl -cw
#
# You should check the syntax of this file before using it in an auto-install.
# You can do this with 'perl -cw auto_inst.cfg.pl' or by executing this file
# (note the '#!/usr/bin/perl -cw' on the first line).
$o = {
       'printer' => {
                      'BROWSEPOLLADDR' => undef,
                      'configured' => {},
                      'MANUALCUPSCONFIG' => undef,
                      'BROWSEPOLLPORT' => undef,
                      'DEFAULT' => undef,
                      'SPOOLER' => undef
                    },
       'libsafe' => 0,
       'security_user' => '',
       'netc' => {
                   'NETWORKING' => 'yes',
                   'DHCP' => 'yes',
                   'NET_DEVICE' => 'eth0'
                 },
       'default_packages' => [
                               'locales',
                               'locales-en',
                               'msec',
                               'perl',
                               'kernel-smp-2.6.3.7mdk',
                               'vim-enhanced',
                               'grub',
                               'eject',
                               'gnupg',
                               'hotplug',
                               'urw-fonts',
                               'wget',
                               'netprofile',
                               'urpmi',
                               'mpage',
                               'bootsplash',
                               'foomatic-filters',
                               'foomatic-db-engine',
                               'ghostscript',
                               'mandrake_desk',
                               'XFree86',
                               'gurpmi',
                               'lynx',
                               'sane-backends',
                               'binutils',
                               'galaxy-kde-kwin',
                               'kdemultimedia-kmix',
                               'mandrake-mime',
                               'python',
                               'kdebase-progs',
                               'mdkkdm',
                               'kdebase-servicemenu',
                               'perl-libwww-perl',
                               'printer-testpages',
                               'psutils',
                               'libtool',
                               'mtools',
                               'procmail',
                               'libstdc++5-devel',
                               'ImageMagick',
                               'apache2',
                               'gcc',
                               'groff',
                               'mailx',
                               'openssh-clients',
                               'qiv',
                               'rsync',
                               'OpenOffice.org',
                               'XFree86-server',
                               'a2ps',
                               'drakfirsttime',
                               'ghostscript-module-X',
                               'gimp',
                               'hylafax-client',
                               'iptables',
                               'lesstif',
                               'm4',
                               'menudrake',
                               'mkisofs',
                               'ppdfilt',
                               'printer-filters',
                               'userdrake',
                               'libsane-hpoj1',
                               'libsnmp0',
                               'OpenIPMI',
                               'XFree86-75dpi-fonts',
                               'alsa-utils',
                               'apache2-mod_php',
                               'at',
                               'autoconf',
                               'cdrecord',
                               'coreutils-doc',
                               'crack-attack',
                               'cvs',
                               'devfsd',
                               'dhcp-client',
                               'dmidecode',
                               'drakconf',
                               'draksync',
                               'enscript',
                               'foomatic-db',
                               'ftp-client-krb5',
                               'galaxy-gnome',
                               'gimpprint',
                               'gpr',
                               'harddrake',
                               'hdparm',
                               'hexedit',
                               'kdegraphics-kghostview',
                               'kdegraphics-kooka',
                               'kdemultimedia-common',
                               'kdeutils-kdepasswd',
                               'kdeutils-kfloppy',
                               'ldetect',
                               'lshw',
                               'magicdev',
                               'mdkonline',
                               'mkxauth',
                               'myspell-hyph-it',
                               'ndiswrapper',
                               'nfs-utils-clients',
                               'nmap',
                               'openssh-server',
                               'pcmcia-cs',
                               'postgresql',
                               'printer-utils',
                               'reiserfsprogs',
                               'rfbdrake',
                               'rpmdrake',
                               'rxvt',
                               'samba-client',
                               'samba-server',
                               'sane-frontends',
                               'scli',
                               'slocate',
                               'strace',
                               'sudo',
                               'telnet-client-krb5',
                               'tmpwatch',
                               'usbview',
                               'words',
                               'xchat',
                               'xmms',
                               'xojpanel',
                               'xpp',
                               'zip',
                               'libqt3-devel',
                               'libarts1-devel',
                               'libkdecore4-devel',
                               'aspell-en',
                               'fonts-ttf-vera',
                               'myspell-en_AU',
                               'myspell-en_CA',
                               'myspell-en_GB',
                               'myspell-en_US',
                               'myspell-hyph-en',
                               'myspell-it_IT',
                               'OpenOffice.org-l10n-en',
                               'kdebase-kdm',
                               'kdebase-kate',
                               'kdebase-kdeprintfax',
                               'kdebase-konsole',
                               'man',
                               'mozilla',
                               'libkdepim2-common-devel',
                               'libncurses5-devel',
                               'gnucash',
                               'gphoto2',
                               'automake',
                               'bind-utils',
                               'gcc-c++',
                               'icewm-light',
                               'patch',
                               'libkdemultimedia1-common-devel',
                               'libkdemultimedia1-noatun-devel',
                               'apache2-mod_perl',
                               'dvd+rw-tools',
                               'gqview',
                               'ispell-en',
                               'k3b',
                               'kdegames',
                               'kdegraphics-common',
                               'kdepim-kaddressbook',
                               'kdepim-knotes',
                               'kdepim-korganizer',
                               'proftpd',
                               'rpm-build',
                               'sharutils',
                               'tkinter',
                               'libkdebase4-kate-devel',
                               'libkdebase4-nsplugins-devel',
                               'libkdeedu1-devel',
                               'libkdegames1-devel',
                               'libkdegraphics0-common-devel',
                               'libkdegraphics0-kooka-devel',
                               'libkdegraphics0-kpovmodeler-devel',
                               'libkdegraphics0-ksvg-devel',
                               'libkdegraphics0-kview-devel',
                               'libkdemultimedia1-kscd-devel',
                               'libkdenetwork2-kopete-devel',
                               'libkdepim2-kaddressbook-devel',
                               'libkdepim2-kmail-devel',
                               'libkdepim2-knode-devel',
                               'libkdepim2-kontact-devel',
                               'libkdepim2-korganizer-devel',
                               'libkdepim2-kpilot-devel',
                               'libkdesdk1-cervisia-devel',
                               'libkdesdk1-devel',
                               'libkdesdk1-kbabel-devel',
                               'libkdetoys1-devel',
                               'libkdeutils1-common-devel',
                               'libkdeutils1-ksim-devel',
                               'libkdevelop3-devel',
                               'libkoffice2-devel',
                               'libquanta0-devel',
                               'libquanta0-kfilereplace-devel',
                               'libquanta0-kommander-devel',
                               'apache2-manual',
                               'apache2-mod_ssl',
                               'apache2-mod_suexec',
                               'audacity',
                               'bash-completion',
                               'bison',
                               'crack-attack-music',
                               'crack-attack-sounds',
                               'dia',
                               'dump',
                               'efax',
                               'emacs-X11',
                               'flex',
                               'fonts-ttf-decoratives',
                               'fonts-ttf-west_european',
                               'frozen-bubble',
                               'galaxy-kde',
                               'gdb',
                               'gettext-devel',
                               'giftrans',
                               'gnome-media',
                               'gnomemeeting',
                               'gnucash-hbci',
                               'gnucash-ofx',
                               'grub-doc',
                               'gtk-engines',
                               'info',
                               'ipvsadm',
                               'kbear',
                               'kde-i18n-en_GB',
                               'kde-i18n-it',
                               'kdeaddons-konqimagegallery',
                               'kdeaddons-noatun',
                               'kdeaddons-searchbar',
                               'kdeartwork-kde-classic',
                               'kdebase-nsplugins',
                               'kdegraphics-kdvi',
                               'kdegraphics-kfax',
                               'kdegraphics-kpaint',
                               'kdegraphics-ksnapshot',
                               'kdegraphics-kuickshow',
                               'kdegraphics-kview',
                               'kdemultimedia-kaudiocreator',
                               'kdemultimedia-kscd',
                               'kdenetwork-kdict',
                               'kdenetwork-kget',
                               'kdenetwork-knewsticker',
                               'kdenetwork-kopete',
                               'kdenetwork-ksirc',
                               'kdenlive',
                               'kdepim-karm',
                               'kdepim-kontact',
                               'kdesdk',
                               'kdeutils-ark',
                               'kdeutils-kcalc',
                               'kdeutils-kcharselect',
                               'kdeutils-kdessh',
                               'kdeutils-kedit',
                               'kdeutils-khexedit',
                               'kdeutils-kwalletmanager',
                               'krozat',
                               'lbreakout2',
                               'lftp',
                               'lilo-doc',
                               'lisa',
                               'ltrace',
                               'man-pages',
                               'mc',
                               'metamail',
                               'mirrordir',
                               'mountloop',
                               'mplayer-gui',
                               'nfs-utils',
                               'nmap-frontend',
                               'open',
                               'perl-Mysql',
                               'perl-Term-Readline-Gnu',
                               'perl-devel',
                               'php-mysql',
                               'planner',
                               'postgresql-server',
                               'proftpd-anonymous',
                               'qt3-example',
                               'quanta',
                               'rcs',
                               'rdist',
                               'recode',
                               'rgrep',
                               'routed',
                               'rpm-rebuilder',
                               'screen',
                               'smb4k',
                               'symlinks',
                               'texinfo',
                               'tftp',
                               'totem',
                               'traceroute',
                               'tuxracer',
                               'xine-arts',
                               'xmms-alsa',
                               'xmms-arts',
                               'xmms-esd',
                               'xmms-mesa',
                               'LinNeighborhood',
                               'MySQL',
                               'bluefish',
                               'kdeaddons',
                               'kdeartwork',
                               'kdenetwork-krfb',
                               'kdetoys',
                               'kdevelop',
                               'kernel-source',
                               'kimdaba',
                               'mozilla-mail',
                               'samba-swat',
                               'tightvnc-server',
                               'xmms-mikmod',
                               'NVIDIA_kernel-2.6.3.7mdk',
                               'NVIDIA_kernel-smp-2.6.3.7mdk',
                               'RealPlayer',
                               'acroread',
                               'FlashPlayer',
                               'NVIDIA_GLX',
                               'acroread-nppdf',
                               'j2re',
                               'opera',
                               'OpenOffice.org-help-en',
                               'howto-html-en',
                               'mandrake-doc-en',
                               'libstdc++6-devel'
                             ],
       'useSupermount' => 'magicdev',
       'users' => [
                    {
                      'icon' => 'ic-nature4',
                      'pw' => '$1$kecJpMBV$arEqCtEkJds7GlXThHcb//',
                      'uid' => 501,
                      'name' => 'al',
                      'realname' => 'Al',
                      'groups' => [],
                      'shell' => '/bin/bash',
                      'home' => '/home/al',
                      'gid' => 501
                    }
                  ],
       'locale' => {
                     'country' => 'IT',
                     'lang' => 'en_US',
                     'langs' => {
                                  'en_US' => 1
                                },
                     'utf8' => ''
                   },
       'authentication' => {
                             'shadow' => 1,
                             'local' => '',
                             'md5' => 1
                           },
       'partitions' => [
                         {
                           'mntpoint' => '/mnt/windows',
                           'type' => 263,
                           'size' => 20482812
                         },
                         {
                           'mntpoint' => '/share',
                           'type' => 1155,
                           'size' => 20482875
                         },
                         {
                           'mntpoint' => 'swap',
                           'type' => 130,
                           'size' => 2040192
                         },
                         {
                           'mntpoint' => '/',
                           'type' => 387,
                           'size' => 16383969
                         }
                       ],
       'netcnx' => {
                     'type' => 'lan',
                     'lan' => {}
                   },
       'superuser' => {
                        'pw' => '$1$TH2rrpm9$DTouZOf8kzBWqTBIczhLJ/',
                        'realname' => 'root',
                        'uid' => '0',
                        'shell' => '/bin/bash',
                        'home' => '/root',
                        'gid' => '0'
                      },
       'mouse' => {
                    'XMOUSETYPE' => 'ExplorerPS/2',
                    'name' => 'Any PS/2 & USB mice',
                    'EMULATEWHEEL' => undef,
                    'device' => 'input/mice',
                    'type' => 'Universal',
                    'nbuttons' => 7,
                    'MOUSETYPE' => 'ps/2',
                    'wacom' => []
                  },
       'autoExitInstall' => '',
       'keyboard' => {
                       'GRP_TOGGLE' => '',
                       'KBCHARSET' => 'C',
                       'KEYBOARD' => 'it'
                     },
       'manualFstab' => [],
       'timezone' => {
                       'ntp' => undef,
                       'timezone' => 'Europe/Rome',
                       'UTC' => 0
                     },
       'X' => {
                'bios_vga_mode' => undef,
                'resolution_wanted' => 1024,
                'monitor' => {
                               'HorizSync' => '31.5-48.5',
                               'VideoRam_probed' => '65536',
                               'size' => '',
                               'ModelName' => 'Flat Panel 1024x768',
                               'VendorName' => 'Generic',
                               'manually_chosen' => 1,
                               'Identifier' => 'monitor1',
                               'VertRefresh' => '40-70',
                               'EISA_ID' => '0',
                               'dpms' => undef
                             },
                'default_depth' => 24
              },
       'intf' => {
                   'eth0' => {
                               'NETMASK' => '255.255.255.0',
                               'BROADCAST' => '',
                               'BOOTPROTO' => 'dhcp',
                               'WIRELESS_ENC_KEY' => '',
                               'NETWORK' => '',
                               'ONBOOT' => 'yes',
                               'DEVICE' => 'eth0'
                             }
                 },
       'partitioning' => {
                           'auto_allocate' => '',
                           'clearall' => 0,
                           'eraseBadPartitions' => 0
                         },
       'security' => 2,
       'interactiveSteps' => [
                               'doPartitionDisks',
                               'formatPartitions'
                             ]
     };

Fedora - Installation log

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-19 21:19:34 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-19 21:19:34
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

In Fedora and generally all RedHat versions, Anaconda stores a log of all the installed packaged in /root/install.log.
Another log, summarizing the system activites triggered by packages installation (typically users added to the system) is /root/install.log.syslog.
Another interesting file is /root/anaconda-ks.cfg, a working configuration file for an unattended kickstart installation which uses the parameters and settings defined for the newly installed box.

[root@vagante /]# cat /root/install.log
Installing 728 packages

Installing fedora-logos-1.1.24-1.noarch.
Installing hwdata-0.118-1.noarch.
[...]
Follows the complete list of installed packages
[...]
The following packages were available in this version but NOT installed:
Canna-3.7p1-6.i386.rpm
Canna-devel-3.7p1-6.i386.rpm
[...]

[root@vagante /]# cat /root/install.log.syslog
<86>May 19 21:34:24 groupadd[550]: new group: name=rpm, gid=37
<86>May 19 21:34:25 useradd[551]: new user: name=rpm, uid=37, gid=37, home=/var/lib/rpm, shell=/sbin/nologin
Operations on the system made during the installation of the packages
[...]
<86>May 19 21:50:19 useradd[7779]: new user: name=mysql, uid=27, gid=27, home=/var/lib/mysql, shell=/bin/bash
<13>May 19 21:51:22 kudzu: aliased  as pcnet_cs
<13>May 19 21:51:24 kudzu: ran mouseconfig for input/mice
<13>May 19 21:51:24 kudzu: aliased snd-card-0 as snd-intel8x0
<13>May 19 21:51:24 kudzu: aliased usb-controller as ehci-hcd
<13>May 19 21:51:24 kudzu: aliased usb-controller1 as uhci-hcd

[root@vagante /]# cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg
This file has all the kickstart settings necessary for repeating the saem installation
# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.
install
cdrom
lang en_US.UTF-8
langsupport --default en_US.UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
keyboard it
xconfig --card "NVIDIA GeForce FX (generic)" --videoram 65536 --hsync 31.5-100.0 --vsync 59.0-75.0 --resolution 1024x768 --depth 24 --startxonboot  --defaultdesktop gnome
network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp
network --device eth1 --bootproto static --ip 10.42.42.1 --netmask 255.255.255.0
rootpw --iscrypted $1$d6tTDN.c$wRaWx..s5R5QqFOEpuY7b.
firewall --disabled
selinux --disabled
authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5
timezone Europe/Rome
bootloader --location=partition --append rhgb quiet
# The following is the partition information you requested
# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed
# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is
# not guaranteed to work
#clearpart --linux
#part / --fstype ext3 --onpart hda2
#part swap --noformat --onpart hda5

%packages
@ office
@ kde-desktop
@ web-server
@ mail-server
@ dns-server
@ gnome-desktop
@ dialup
@ sql-server
@ editors
@ admin-tools
@ system-tools
@ emacs
@ smb-server
@ base-x
@ sound-and-video
@ printing
@ server-cfg
@ graphics
@ ftp-server
@ kernel-development
@ development-tools
@ engineering-and-scientific
@ text-internet
@ graphical-internet
dvgrab
net-snmp-utils
gtkam-gimp
-perl-DBD-Pg
epiphany
php-mysql
vim-X11
mysql-server
-evolution
ethereal-gnome
kdeadmin
k3b
system-config-boot
-slrn
-rhdb-utils
kernel-smp
lynx
-xchat
kdemultimedia
mikmod
tsclient
nmap-frontend
shapecfg
xpdf
tora
ncftp
mod_auth_mysql
mrtg
pcmcia-cs
xmms
elinks
grip
-mutt
kdegraphics
vnc
mozilla-dom-inspector
spamassassin
grub
mailman
rdesktop
-lapack
mozilla-mail
pstack
xmms-skins
mc
gnomemeeting
squirrelmail
-blas
postfix
gnucash
-postgresql-server
e2fsprogs
-octave

%post


The boot process

Linux boot process: loader, kernel, init.

Fedora - The Boot Process

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-16 16:03:16 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-16 16:03:16
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Fedora 2 boots is the usual Red Hat way. Its initscripts are more or less similar in the various RedHat versions, as it often happens when a process is tested and mature enought to not need particular changes.

Boot Loader
Fedora's default boot loader is Grub, the directory /boot/grub/ contains all the configuration files and the binaries, grub.conf contains all the configuration data (/boot/grub/menu.lst and /etc/grub.conf are both symlinks to it), /boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz is the default splash images shown under the text in Grub.

Kernel
The core binary is placed in /boot/vmlinuz-version, System Map is /boot/System.map-version and the boot initialized ram disk data in /boot/initrd-version. A nice plus, introduced with Fedora is the presence of /boot/config-version (installed by a kernel rpm) with the complete configuration of the current kernel (a .config file which can be used as starting point for a new kernel configuration or for historycal reasons).
Modules are placed in /lib/modules/version.

Init
/etc/inittab has a standard logic, with mingetty started at runlevels superior to 1 (so in single user mode no password is asked and a root shell is directly invoked). The first initialization script, executed at every runlevel is /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit, then are executed the various services according to the SysV logic of the /etc/rc#runlevel.d directories.
Many system configuration files are placed in /etc/sysconfig/ and are loaded (sourced) in the boot phase.
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit takes care of various setup activities, according to the following order:
- Uses initlog to log it activities according do what is configured in /etc/initlog.conf and /etc/syslog.conf
- If DEVFS is used, starts devfsd
- Sets up hostname, hosttype and sources /etc/sysconfig/network
- Mounts the procfs and the sysfs in /proc and /sys
- Checks SeLinux status (disable by default)
- Sources /etc/init.d/functions with various common shell functions used by other init scripts: daemon() ,  killproc() , pidofproc() , status() , echo_success() (the green OK) , confirm() ...
The script also sources some important configuration files:  /etc/sysconfig/i18n (the system default language, in UTF format (ex: LANG="en_US.UTF-8"), which can create problems with some older software, particularly in Perl, either export LANG="en_US" before launching a troubled application or set it directly in /etc/sysconfig/i18n), /etc/sysconfig/init (the various color codes used in the booting output).
- Sets the system default font
- Prints the well known "Welcome to ..." banner
- Starts the graphical boot screen with the rhgb program which uses graphics from /usr/share/rhgb (change to customize)
- Configures kernel according to /etc/sysctl.conf settings
- Sets system clock accoring to /etc/sysconfig/clock parameters
- Sets the keyboard layout according to /etc/sysconfig/keyboard (change here to manage the keyboard settings in text mode)
- Initializes ACPI settings
- Initializes USB controller and HID devices
- Checks the files /fastboot, /fsckoptions, /forcefsck and /.autofsck and sources /etc/sysconfig/autofsck in order to determine if and how launch a file system check.
- Checks quota settings if any
- Sets up ISA PNP devices according to the configuration file /etc/isapnp.conf
- Mounts the Root filesystem in read/write mode
- If configured sets up the Logical Volume Management (LVM)
- Activates swap space
- Loads kernel modules with the parameters specified in /etc/modules.conf
- Starts raid (MD) devices
- If there is the /.unconfigured flag files, starts the first boot configuration procedure
- Removes various flag files in / , /var/lock , /var/run , removes the rpm database (/var/lib/rpm/__db*, it's rebuilt when a new rpm command is issued) and various files in the /tmp directory.
- Inizializes serial ports, SCSI tapes, USB storage, Firewire
- Turns on hard disk optimization with hdparm according to the settings in /etc/sysconfig/harddisks*
- If profiles are configured, it activates the default network profile

It's now time to switch to the default runlevel and activate the services (whose initialization scripts are in /etc/init.d/ according to the symlinks in /etc/rc#.d/ in typical SysV fashion.
The last script to be executed is /etc/rc.local where the user can place custom commands.

Services
To manage services (start|stop|restart|reload...) it's possibile to invoke directly the relative script or use the service command. For example:
[root@vagante al]# service httpd start
does the same (starting the Apache Web server) of:
[root@vagante al]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
which, since /etc/init.d is actually a symlink to /etc/rc.d/init.d, is exactly equivalent to:
[root@vagante al]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start  

Suse 9.x: The Boot process

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2005-02-11 23:42:24 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-16 16:02:38
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

The boot process of Suse 9 on the ia32 architecture follows the phases typical of every Linux:
- Bios POST a boot device selection (hard disk, in a normal installation). Depends on the hardware.
- Execution of the Linux loader on the Master Boot Record (grub or lilo, usually)
- Kernel loading
- Execution of init and startup of the various services.

Linux loader
SuSE 9 is based on grub as default Linux loader. It uses YaST2 to manage it [System - BootLoader Configuration], storing general configuration data in /etc/grub.conf and information about the booting options in /boot/grub/menu.lst.
The directory /boot/grub/ contains all the configuration files and the binaries.
It's possible to find a copy of the MBR present on the system before the SuSE installation in the file /boot/backup_mbr.
The always useful Memtest tool, which can be chosen as boot option, is placed in /boot/memtest.bin
The mapping of devices and their names is in /boot/grub/device.map.

Kernel
The defaut kernel is /boot/vmlinuz which actually is a link to a file named boot/vmlinuz-kernelversion. Similar symlinking is done for the /boot/initrd.
Kernel modules are placed in /lib/modules/kernelversion

Init
SuSe 9 conforms to the Linux Standard Base (LSB) for the whole initialization phase: the usual /etc/inittab defines what to execute at the different run-levels of the system, in /etc/init.d are stored all the startup and shutdown scripts for the various services, which are managed by the symlinks in the /etc/rc.d/rc.runlevel directories.
An useful sample file for building own startup scripts is /etc/init.d/skeleton which provides all the references and a base structure for a fully integrated script.
Once created a script you can generate all the rc symlinks structure with the command insserv or using YaST2's runlevel editor [System - Runlevel Editor].
The runlevels have common meanings: 0- halt, 1- single user mode, 3- multiuser with network, 5- multiuser with network and xdm graphical login, 6-reboot.
Most of the startup options can be set editing the files in /etc/sysconfig which can be also modified with YaST2 [System - /etc/sysconfig Editor]. Note that many important settings of the system (the typical ones you never know how are managed) can be easily be defined with this graphic interface or editing directly the files in /etc/sysconf.
When you manually edit them, sunce they can influence the creation of other system's configuration files, you should run SuSEconfig to validate and apply the new configurations (this is done automatically whenever you exit from YaST2).
Some scripts are always executed at the startup (except when operating in emergency mode), before entering any runlevel:
/etc/init.d/boot
- Exports the environment variables LINES COLUMNS CONSOLE;
- Sources the script /etc/rc.status which contains all the functions used in the boot script messages;
- Loads the (useful) boot configuration file /etc/sysconfig/boot where are defined variables that affect the boot sequence (prompt for user confirmation, pallalelizing of services statup, possibility to stop the boot process...)
- Mounts the /proc and /dev/pty file systems;
- Asks for interactive boot mode (if $PROMPT_FOR_CONFIRM=yes);
- Starts blogd wich logs the boot messages in /var/log/boot.msg;
- Checks the symlinks in the /etc/init.d/boot.d/ directory which point, with an elegant logic similar to the rc one (S for starting scripts, K for killing scripts), to various scripts which are executed in the following order (they are all started, by default):
/etc/init.d/boot.proc sets some /proc parameters as Magic SysRq Key according to what is configured in /etc/sysconfig/sysctl;
/etc/init.d/setserial provides serial ports configuration and has pre-set (commented) entries for various multiport boards;
/etc/init.d/boot.md handles the multiple devices (used for software Raid);
/etc/init.d/boot.lvm manages Logical Volumes (checking /etc/sysconfig/lvm for additional configuration);
/etc/init.d/boot.localfs checks and mounts the local file systems (here the boot can be interrupted if there's a file system check failure);
/etc/init.d/boot.crypto enables and mounts crypto file systems;
/etc/init.d/boot.loadmodules load modules required to be loaded in specific order;
/etc/init.d/boot.restore_permissions restores devices permissions after a crash;
/etc/init.d/boot.scpm manages System's Profiles with scpm, a nice SuSE GPL  utility that manages different profiles to be chosen at boot (typically network settings, but not only, since the user can decide what scripts have to be executed for each profile). It can be configured with YaST;
/etc/init.d/boot.swap enables swap partitions and the Shared Memory File System (SHM);
/etc/init.d/boot.clock sets CMOS clock;
/etc/init.d/boot.idedma activates DMA mode on IDE devices according to what is configured in /etc/sysconfig/hadware;
/etc/init.d/boot.ldconfig runs, if needed, ldconfig to rebuild links and caches of shared libraries;
/etc/init.d/boot.isapnp initializes Isa Plug and Play devices;
/etc/init.d/boot.localnet sets up hostname, loopback interface and YP bindings;
/etc/init.d/boot.sched sets kernel's scheduling timeslices according to what is configured in /etc/sysconfig/kernel
/etc/init.d/boot.ipconfig sets typical network settings as IP forwarding, TCP syncookies for syn-flood protection according to what is configured in /etc/sysconfig/sysctl (network IP settings are later defined when starting the /etc/init.d/network script, according to the selected runlevel) ;
/etc/init.d/boot.klog writes kernel boot messages to /var/log/boo.msg.
At its end, the /etc/init.d/boot script runs /etc/init.d/boot.local where the administrator can place custom scripts to run before entering into any runlevel.
What follows depend on the services installed and the decision to run them at the boot runlevel according to the rc directories in /etc/init.d. Note that there still exist a /etc/rc.d directory, but it's a simple symlink to /etc/init.d.

Services
To manage services it's possibile to invoke directly the relative script or use the rcservice commands. For example:
[root@vagante al]# rcsnmpd start
does the same (starting the SNMP daemon) of:
[root@vagante al]# /etc/init.d/snmpd start
since /usr/sbin/rcsnmpd is actually a symlink to /etc/init.d/snmpd.

Slackware: The boot process

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-12-19 22:33:13 - Data di creazione: 2004-12-19 22:33:13
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Slackware's boot process maintains the logic of the typical Linux boot sequence, but uses BSD style init scripts instead of the SystemV style more common in other mainstream Linux distro. The main boot sequence actors are always:
- Linux Loader (Lilo by default)
- Kernel (2.4 in Slackware 10)
- Init and its initialization scripts.
Let's explore the involved components in a Slackware 10 boot process (most of what is reported here applies also to older Slackware versions).

Linux Loader
Lilo is the default choice in Slackware 10 and /etc/lilo.conf its configuration file. The default settings are essential: you find only the entries defined in the installation procedure (no fallback options to safe boot options or memtest labels) and an handy selection of VGA codes for different console resolutions.
A log of the Lilo related activities during installation is placed in /var/log/setup/setup.liloconfig
The program /sbin/mkrescue is available for the creation of a bootable rescue floppy disc or CD ISO image.
Documentation is available as man pages and docs/samples in /usr/doc/lilo-version/.

Kernel
The kernel image referenced in lilo.conf, /boot/vmlinuz, is a symlink to the actual kernel file (for example   /boot/vmlinuz-ide-2.4.26).
In the same directory you find the configuration file used for the kernel compilation (ie: /boot/config-ide-2.4.26) and System.map. The default kernel package is optimized for 486 architecture.
Kernel modules are provided by a different package and placed in the standard /lib/modules/kernelversion.
The /etc/rc.d/rc.modules initialization script explicitly loads (modprobe) selected kernel modules at boot time. It's mostly not necessary for kernel compiled for module autoloading, as the default Slackware kernel, so most of its lines are commented.
The Kernel headers, necessary to compile system software, as in other distros, are provided by an autonomous package and placed in /usr/include/linux and /usr/include/asm-i386/

Init
The major differences of Slackware, compared to other Linux distros as RedHat, Mandrake, Debian or Suse, stays in the absence of /etc/rc.d/rc#.d directories (where # is the selected runlevel) with symlinks to the startup scripts of different services, typical of the SystemV style logic. However a simple /etc/rc.d/rc.sysvinit script provides basic compatibility with SystemV style startup scripts, looking for S/K files in /etc/rc.d/rcrunlevel.d/. Note that by default Slackware doesn't create these directories.
Whatever the init scripts, a sysadmin always knows where to begin his quest for system awareness: /etc/inittab.
A Unix multi-level logic is always present, different runlevels place the system in different states:
0 - System halted
1 - Single user mode without network, needed for maintenance (root's password is still required)
3 - Multiuser mode with network support and text login (default)
4 - Multiuser mode with network support and X Window support (xdm graphic login). Note that in many other distro this is 5.

From Init's configuration file is possible to reconstruct the whole userland phase of the boot process:
/etc/rc.d/rc.S is the first script to be executed. It handles common general initialization activities: starts the devfs, if supported; activates swap partitions; checks the root filesystem (if hard problems occur /bin/sulogin is invoked asking the root password for system maintenance); remounts root system in read/write mode; initializes the Logical Volume Manager, if present; checks and mounts other (non network) filesystems in /etc/fstab; cleans up some temporary files; overwrites /etc/motd/ with the current kernel version (to comment out to keep previous custom Messages of the Day); configures ISA Plug&Play devices; sets the system time according to the hardware clock time; sources the /etc/rc.d/rc.modules for non automatic kernel modules loading; sources /etc/rc.d/rc.serial (note that this function is commented by default) for serial ports initialization; improves the system's randomness.

/etc/rc.d/rc.K is used only to bring the system to runlevel 1 where every network and system service is disabled.

/etc/rc.d/rc.M is executed for multiuser support at runlevels 2,3,4,5.
It sets screen blanking after 15 minutes of idleness; defines the system's hostname according to what is written in /etc/HOSTNAME; activates PCMCIA support running /etc/rc.d/rc.pcmcia start; initializes the networking hardware and IP parameters running /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1; initializes hotplug support (/etc/rc.d/rc.hotplug start); starts various network services via /etc/rc.d/rc.inet2 (it mounts remote NFS/SMB shares, starts the portmapper, activates firewalling (/etc/rc.d/rc.firewall start) and IP forwarding (/etc/rc.d/rc.ip_forward start), launches Inetd (/etc/rc.d/rc.inetd start), the OpenSSH server (/etc/rc.d/rc.sshd start), the Bind DNS server (/etc/rc.d/rc.bind start), NIS (/etc/rc.d/rc.yp start) and NFS server (/etc/rc.d/rc.nfsd start); starts system logging (/etc/rc.d/rc.syslog start); removes stale lock files, updates shared libraries links and X font indexes; starts the print spooling subsystem; if uncommented, starts smartd (for hard drives problems early discovery) and genpowerd (for communication with UPS via serial or USB line); enables BSD process accounting (not activated by default); starts crond and atd; activates file system quotas, if configured; launches Sendmail (/etc/rc.d/rc.sendmail start), APM, ACPI (/etc/rc.d/rc.acpid start) and ALSA (/etc/rc.d/rc.alsa); selects the screen font (/etc/rc.d/rc.font) and keymap (/etc/rc.d/rc.keymap); starts Mysql (/etc/rc.d/rc.mysql start), Apache (/etc/rc.d/rc.httpd start), Samba (/etc/rc.d/rc.samba start), the GPM mouse server (/etc/rc.d/rc.gpm start); if there are SystemV init scripts for the current runlevel, it ries to executed them via /etc/rc.d/rc.sysvinit and finally it executes user custom commands in /etc/rc.d/rc.local.

/etc/rc.d/rc4.d is executed just at runlevel 4 and starts the GDM, KDM or XDM session manager for graphical login.

The default getty program used is agetty, inittab provides six virtual terminal consoles (tty1-6) and has commented examples with agetty configuration for console via serial port or and dialup.  
Inittab is completed with the init default runleve set at 3, the "control+alt+del"  reboot "three finger salute" and power failure handling settings.

Mandrake - The boot process

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-17 18:03:27 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-17 18:03:27
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Mandrake's boot process is quite similar to the one used on RedHat systems.

Linux Loader
Grub is the default choice and standard is the place of its configuration files: /boot/grub/

Kernel
As in RedHat Fedora, the kernel image, the system map, the configuration file and the initrd are placed in /boot, with the version name appended to each file. Modules are placed in /lib/modules

Init
/etc/inittab is practically the same of Fedora, with runlevel 1 dedicated to single user emergency mode, runlevel 3 for multiuser, networked mode and runlevel 5 with X11 graphical environment.
The /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script that brings up the system is very similar to RedHat's one. Both are based on the initscripts package and derive from the old bcheckrc Unix script that used to mount the system partitions at boot times.
Now rc.sysinit does much more that and sets up a whole system with configuration data largely obtained from the files in /etc/sysconfig. A detailed list of the various oprions available for the sysconfig files is in the sysconfig.txt text placed in the documentation directory of the initscripts packages (for example, on Mandrake 10, /usr/share/doc/initscripts-7.06/sysconfig.txt.
Worth noting is the management, in Mandrake's version of rc.sysinit, of encrypted swap space and file systems.

Services
As usual it's possibile to manage service using the scripts in /etc/init.d or, as in RedHat, using the service command.

Slackware - Boot messages

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-11-14 10:46:24 - Data di creazione: 2004-11-14 10:46:24
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

On Slackware kernel's boot messages are stored in /var/log/dmesg.

root@vagante:/# cat /var/log/dmesg
Linux version 2.4.26 (root@tree) (gcc version 3.3.4) #8 Mon Jun 14 19:09:31 PDT 2004
# Let's dive in a typical kernel booting procedure, this doesn't change too much from distro to distro (different versions of kernel and its modules generally have the same output messages) but heavily depends on the underlining hardware and its relevant drivers
[...]
# The parameters passed to this kernel:
Kernel command line: auto BOOT_IMAGE=hda10 ro root=30a
# CPU and memory initialization (here running on a Pentium 4 HT, contrary to other distros, Slackware hasn't automatically used a SMP kernel):
Initializing CPU#0
Detected 2793.205 MHz processor.
Console: colour dummy device 80x25
Calibrating delay loop... 5570.56 BogoMIPS
Memory: 514620k/523712k available (1975k kernel code, 8704k reserved, 661k data, 128k init, 0k highmem)
[...] CPU: Trace cache: 12K uops, L1 D cache: 8K
CPU: L2 cache: 512K
CPU:     After generic, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU:             Common caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 2.80GHz stepping 09 [...]
# IDE devices recognition:
    ide0: BM-DMA at 0x2040-0x2047, BIOS settings: hda:DMA, hdb:pio
    ide1: BM-DMA at 0x2048-0x204f, BIOS settings: hdc:DMA, hdd:pio
hda: TOSHIBA MK6021GAS, ATA DISK drive
blk: queue c03e27c0, I/O limit 4095Mb (mask 0xffffffff)
hdc: HL-DT-STCD-RW/DVD DRIVE GCC-4241N, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
ide1 at 0x170-0x177,0x376 on irq 15
hda: attached ide-disk driver.
hda: host protected area => 1
hda: 117210240 sectors (60012 MB), CHS=7296/255/63, UDMA(100)
hdc: attached ide-cdrom driver.
hdc: ATAPI 24X DVD-ROM CD-R/RW drive, 2048kB Cache, DMA
[...]

Debian Sarge - Boot Messages

Autore: neo - ( Revisione: al ) - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-19 21:49:24 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-19 21:49:24
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Debian stores (in /var/log) kernel speaks and userland service messages in several log files, with some information duplicated in two or more logs.
Kernel messages are stored in kern.log and dmesg (here are kept only the messages regarding the last boot.
Here follow some examples of a Debian Sarge running on a Toshiba satellite P10 laptop.

eva:/var/log# cat kern.log
or
eva:/var/log# cat dmesg
or
eva:/var/log# dmesg
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: klogd 1.4.1#15, log source = /proc/kmsg started.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Inspecting /boot/System.map-2.6.7-1-686
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Loaded 26725 symbols from /boot/System.map-2.6.7-1-686.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Symbols match kernel version 2.6.7.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: No module symbols loaded - kernel modules not enabled.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: T 2004
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f800 (usable)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  BIOS-e820: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  BIOS-e820: 00000000000dc000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001ff70000 (usable)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  BIOS-e820: 000000001ff70000 - 000000001ff7a000 (ACPI data)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  BIOS-e820: 000000001ff7a000 - 000000001ff80000 (ACPI NVS)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  BIOS-e820: 000000001ff80000 - 0000000020000000 (reserved)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec10000 (reserved)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  BIOS-e820: 00000000ff800000 - 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  BIOS-e820: 00000000fffffc00 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: 0MB HIGHMEM available.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: 511MB LOWMEM available.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: found SMP MP-table at 000f6cd0
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: On node 0 totalpages: 130928
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:   DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:   Normal zone: 126832 pages, LIFO batch:16
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:   HighMem zone: 0 pages, LIFO batch:1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: DMI present.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: RSDP (v000 TOSCPL                                    ) @ 0x000f6ca0
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: RSDT (v001 TOSCPL   RSDT   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000000) @ 0x1ff73273
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: FADT (v001 TOSCPL SPRGDALE 0x06040000 PTL  0x00000003) @ 0x1ff79ef7
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: MADT (v001 PTLTD  ^I APIC   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000000) @ 0x1ff79f6b
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: SSDT (v001 PTLTD  ACPIHT   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000001) @ 0x1ff79fc9
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: DSDT (v001 TOSCPL SPRGDALE 0x06040000 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x00000000
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x1008
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Processor #0 15:2 APIC version 20
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x01] enabled)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Processor #1 15:2 APIC version 20
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: WARNING: NR_CPUS limit of 1 reached.  Processor ignored.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x00] high edge lint[0x1])
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x01] high edge lint[0x1])
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x02] address[0xfec00000] global_irq_base[0x0])
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IOAPIC[0]: Assigned apic_id 2
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 2, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 high level)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Enabling APIC mode:  Flat.  Using 1 I/O APICs
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Built 1 zonelists
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Kernel command line: root=/dev/hda4 ro
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Initializing CPU#0
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PID hash table entries: 2048 (order 11: 16384 bytes)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Detected 2993.611 MHz processor.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Using pmtmr for high-res timesource
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Console: colour VGA+ 80x25
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Memory: 511672k/523712k available (1515k kernel code, 11264k reserved, 659k data, 148k init, 0k highmem)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... Ok.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Calibrating delay loop... 5931.00 BogoMIPS
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Security Scaffold v1.0.0 initialized
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: CPU:     After generic identify, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: CPU:     After vendor identify, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: CPU: Trace cache: 12K uops, L1 D cache: 8K
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: CPU: L2 cache: 512K
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: CPU:     After all inits, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000080
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Intel machine check architecture supported.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#0.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: CPU0: Intel P4/Xeon Extended MCE MSRs (12) available
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: CPU0: Thermal monitoring enabled
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: CPU: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.00GHz stepping 09
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: enabled ExtINT on CPU#0
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ESR value before enabling vector: 00000000
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ESR value after enabling vector: 00000000
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ENABLING IO-APIC IRQs
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: init IO_APIC IRQs
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  IO-APIC (apicid-pin) 2-16, 2-17, 2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, 2-22, 2-23 not connected.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ..TIMER: vector=0x31 pin1=0 pin2=-1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Using local APIC timer interrupts.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: calibrating APIC timer ...
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ..... CPU clock speed is 2992.0192 MHz.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ..... host bus clock speed is 199.0479 MHz.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: checking if image is initramfs...it isn't (ungzip failed); looks like an initrd
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Freeing initrd memory: 4536k freed
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: NET: Registered protocol family 16
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfd984, last bus=2
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Using configuration type 1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: mtrr: v2.0 (20020519)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: Subsystem revision 20040326
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: Interpreter enabled
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (00:00)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Probing PCI hardware (bus 00)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Ignoring BAR0-3 of IDE controller 0000:00:1f.1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Transparent bridge - 0000:00:1e.0
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0._PRT]
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0.AGP_._PRT]
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0.HUB_._PRT]
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs *10)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs *10)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 5) *9
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 5) *9
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKE] (IRQs 3 4 5 7 10 11 12 14 15) *9
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKF] (IRQs 3 4 5 7 10 11 12 14 15) *9
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKG] (IRQs 3 4 5 7 10 11 12 14 15) *0, disabled.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKH] (IRQs 5) *9
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: Embedded Controller [EC0] (gpe 28)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PnPBIOS: Scanning system for PnP BIOS support...
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PnPBIOS: Found PnP BIOS installation structure at 0xc00f6d10
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PnPBIOS: PnP BIOS version 1.0, entry 0xf0000:0xb272, dseg 0x400
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: pnp: 00:0b: ioport range 0x4d0-0x4d1 has been reserved
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: pnp: 00:0b: ioport range 0x1000-0x105f has been reserved
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: pnp: 00:0b: ioport range 0x1060-0x107f has been reserved
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: pnp: 00:0b: ioport range 0x1180-0x11bf has been reserved
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PnPBIOS: 18 nodes reported by PnP BIOS; 18 recorded by driver
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: 00:00:1f[A] -> 2-18 -> IRQ 18 level low
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: 00:00:1f[B] -> 2-17 -> IRQ 17 level low
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: 00:00:1d[A] -> 2-16 -> IRQ 16 level low
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: 00:00:1d[B] -> 2-19 -> IRQ 19 level low
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: 00:00:1d[D] -> 2-23 -> IRQ 23 level low
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: 00:02:00[A] -> 2-20 -> IRQ 20 level low
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: 00:02:01[A] -> 2-21 -> IRQ 21 level low
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: 00:02:02[A] -> 2-22 -> IRQ 22 level low
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: number of MP IRQ sources: 16.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: number of IO-APIC #2 registers: 24.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: testing the IO APIC.......................
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IO APIC #2......
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: .... register #00: 02000000
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: .......    : physical APIC id: 02
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: .......    : Delivery Type: 0
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: .......    : LTS          : 0
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: .... register #01: 00178020
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: .......     : max redirection entries: 0017
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: .......     : PRQ implemented: 1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: .......     : IO APIC version: 0020
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: .... IRQ redirection table:
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  NR Log Phy Mask Trig IRR Pol Stat Dest Deli Vect:
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  00 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    31
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  01 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    39
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  02 001 01  1    0    0   0   0    1    1    41
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  03 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    49
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  04 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    51
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  05 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    59
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  06 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    61
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  07 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    69
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  08 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    71
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  09 001 01  0    1    0   0   0    1    1    79
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  0a 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    81
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  0b 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    89
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  0c 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    91
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  0d 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    99
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  0e 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    A1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  0f 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    A9
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  10 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    C1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  11 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    B9
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  12 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    B1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  13 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    C9
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  14 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    D9
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  15 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    E1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  16 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    E9
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  17 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    D1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ to pin mappings:
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ0 -> 0:0
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ1 -> 0:1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ2 -> 0:2
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ3 -> 0:3
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ4 -> 0:4
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ5 -> 0:5
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ6 -> 0:6
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ7 -> 0:7
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ8 -> 0:8
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ9 -> 0:9
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ10 -> 0:10
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ11 -> 0:11
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ12 -> 0:12
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ13 -> 0:13
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ14 -> 0:14
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ15 -> 0:15
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ16 -> 0:16
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ17 -> 0:17
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ18 -> 0:18
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ19 -> 0:19
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ20 -> 0:20
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ21 -> 0:21
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ22 -> 0:22
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IRQ23 -> 0:23
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: .................................... done.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch ([email protected])
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: devfs: boot_options: 0x0
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Initializing Cryptographic API
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: isapnp: Scanning for PnP cards...
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: isapnp: No Plug & Play device found
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 48 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ttyS1 at I/O 0x2f8 (irq = 3) is a 16550A
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 8192K size 1024 blocksize
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: i8042.c: Detected active multiplexing controller, rev 1.1.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: serio: i8042 AUX0 port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: serio: i8042 AUX1 port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: serio: i8042 AUX2 port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: serio: i8042 AUX3 port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard on isa0060/serio0
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: NET: Registered protocol family 2
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IP: routing cache hash table of 4096 buckets, 32Kbytes
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: TCP: Hash tables configured (established 32768 bind 65536)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: NET: Registered protocol family 8
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: NET: Registered protocol family 20
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ACPI: (supports S0 S3 S4 S5)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: RAMDISK: cramfs filesystem found at block 0
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: RAMDISK: Loading 4536 blocks [1 disk] into ram disk...
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Freeing unused kernel memory: 148k freed
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: vesafb: probe of vesafb0 failed with error -6
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: NET: Registered protocol family 1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: SCSI subsystem initialized
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: libata version 1.02 loaded.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ICH5: IDE controller at PCI slot 0000:00:1f.1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Enabling device 0000:00:1f.1 (0005 -> 0007)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ICH5: chipset revision 2
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ICH5: not 100%% native mode: will probe irqs later
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:     ide0: BM-DMA at 0x1880-0x1887, BIOS settings: hda:pio, hdb:pio
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:     ide1: BM-DMA at 0x1888-0x188f, BIOS settings: hdc:pio, hdd:pio
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hda: TOSHIBA MK6021GAS, ATA DISK drive
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Using anticipatory io scheduler
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hdc: PIONEER DVD-RW DVR-K12D, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ide1 at 0x170-0x177,0x376 on irq 15
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hda: max request size: 128KiB
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hda: 117210240 sectors (60011 MB), CHS=65535/16/63, UDMA(100)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:  /dev/ide/host0/bus0/target0/lun0: p1 p2 p3 p4
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: NTFS driver 2.1.14 [Flags: R/O MODULE].
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Adding 498004k swap on /dev/hda3.  Priority:-1 extents:1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: EXT3 FS on hda4, internal journal
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Generic RTC Driver v1.07
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hdc: ATAPI 24X DVD-ROM DVD-R CD-R/RW drive, 2000kB Cache, UDMA(33)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: 8139too Fast Ethernet driver 0.9.27
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: eth0: RealTek RTL8139 at 0x3000, 00:02:3f:d2:88:13, IRQ 21
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: eth0:  Identified 8139 chip type 'RTL-8101'
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: nvidia: module license 'NVIDIA' taints kernel.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: NVRM: loading NVIDIA Linux x86 NVIDIA Kernel Module  1.0-6111  Tue Jul 27 07:55:38 PDT 2004
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: eth0: link up, 10Mbps, half-duplex, lpa 0x0000
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Capability LSM initialized
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: EXT3 FS on hda2, internal journal
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: NTFS volume version 3.1.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: NET: Registered protocol family 17
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: parport: PnPBIOS parport detected.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: parport0: PC-style at 0x378, irq 7 [PCSPP,TRISTATE,EPP]
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Linux agpgart interface v0.100 (c) Dave Jones
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: agpgart: Detected an Intel 865 Chipset.
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: agpgart: Maximum main memory to use for agp memory: 439M
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: agpgart: AGP aperture is 256M @ 0xd0000000
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: cpci_hotplug: CompactPCI Hot Plug Core version: 0.2
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: pciehp: PCI Express Hot Plug Controller Driver version: 0.4
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: shpchp: shpc_init : shpc_cap_offset == 0
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: shpchp: shpc_init : shpc_cap_offset == 0
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: shpchp: Standard Hot Plug PCI Controller Driver version: 0.4
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: usbcore: registered new driver usbfs
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: usbcore: registered new driver hub
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver v2.2
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: Intel Corp. 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI #1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1d.0 to 64
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: irq 16, io base 00001800
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.1: Intel Corp. 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI #2
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1d.1 to 64
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.1: irq 19, io base 00001820
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hub 2-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.2: Intel Corp. 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI #3
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1d.2 to 64
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.2: irq 18, io base 00001840
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.2: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hub 3-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.3: Intel Corp. 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI #4
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1d.3 to 64
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.3: irq 16, io base 00001860
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.3: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 4
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hub 4-0:1.0: USB hub found
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hub 4-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: usb 3-1: new low speed USB device using address 2
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: usbcore: registered new driver hiddev
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: drivers/usb/input/hid-core.c: ctrl urb status -32 received
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: input: USB HID v1.00 Mouse [0461:4d03] on usb-0000:00:1d.2-1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: usbcore: registered new driver usbhid
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: drivers/usb/input/hid-core.c: v2.0:USB HID core driver
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ts: Compaq touchscreen protocol output
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: Intel Corp. 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB2 EHCI Controller
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1d.7 to 64
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: irq 23, pci mem e09d1000
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 5
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: cache line size of 128 is not supported by device 0000:00:1d.7
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: USB 2.0 enabled, EHCI 1.00, driver 2004-May-10
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hub 5-0:1.0: USB hub found
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hub 5-0:1.0: 8 ports detected
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: usb 3-1: USB disconnect, address 2
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: hw_random hardware driver 1.0.0 loaded
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: usb 3-1: new low speed USB device using address 3
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: drivers/usb/input/hid-core.c: ctrl urb status -32 received
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: input: USB HID v1.00 Mouse [0461:4d03] on usb-0000:00:1d.2-1
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1f.5 to 64
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: intel8x0_measure_ac97_clock: measured 49531 usecs
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: intel8x0: clocking to 48000
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1f.6 to 64
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ieee1394: Initialized config rom entry `ip1394'
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ohci1394: $Rev: 1223 $ Ben Collins <[email protected]>
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ohci1394: fw-host0: OHCI-1394 1.1 (PCI): IRQ=[20]  MMIO=[c2004000-c20047ff]  Max Packet=[2048]
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: 8139cp: 10/100 PCI Ethernet driver v1.2 (Mar 22, 2004)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Linux Kernel Card Services
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel:   options:  [pci] [cardbus] [pm]
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: PCI: Enabling device 0000:02:04.0 (0000 -> 0002)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Yenta: CardBus bridge found at 0000:02:04.0 [1179:0001]
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Yenta: ISA IRQ mask 0x0438, PCI irq 16
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Socket status: 30000007
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ieee1394: Host added: ID:BUS[0-00:1023]  GUID[00023f4137001953]
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ip1394: $Rev: 1224 $ Ben Collins <[email protected]>
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: ip1394: eth1: IEEE-1394 IPv4 over 1394 Ethernet (fw-host0)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: NET: Registered protocol family 10
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: Disabled Privacy Extensions on device c02f4780(lo)
Sep 13 11:26:38 eva kernel: IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver
Sep 13 11:26:39 eva kernel: apm: BIOS version 1.2 Flags 0x03 (Driver version 1.16ac)
Sep 13 11:26:39 eva kernel: apm: overridden by ACPI.
Sep 13 11:26:47 eva kernel: eth0: no IPv6 routers present
Sep 13 11:26:54 eva kernel: ip_tables: (C) 2000-2002 Netfilter core team
Sep 13 11:26:54 eva kernel: ip_conntrack version 2.1 (4091 buckets, 32728 max) - 296 bytes per conntrack
Sep 13 11:26:54 eva kernel: apm: BIOS version 1.2 Flags 0x03 (Driver version 1.16ac)
Sep 13 11:26:54 eva kernel: apm: overridden by ACPI.
General logs that store informations about kernel, daemon start up and kill, errors, modules dependency. Follow a little example of error on start up and some modules stdout  
eva:/var/log# cat messages

or
eva:/var/log# cat syslog
[Kernel speaks]
Sep 13 11:26:39 eva ifplugd(eth0)[2653]: ifplugd 0.25 initializing.
Sep 13 11:26:39 eva ifplugd(eth0)[2653]: Using interface eth0/00:02:3F:D2:88:13 with driver <8139too> (version: 0.9.27)
Sep 13 11:26:39 eva ifplugd(eth0)[2653]: Using detection mode: SIOCETHTOOL
Sep 13 11:26:39 eva ifplugd(eth0)[2653]: Initialization complete, link beat detected.
Sep 13 11:26:39 eva ifplugd(eth0)[2653]: Executing '/etc/ifplugd/ifplugd.action eth0 up'.
Sep 13 11:26:39 eva ifplugd(eth0)[2653]: client: /sbin/ifup: interface eth0 already configured
Sep 13 11:26:39 eva ifplugd(eth0)[2653]: Program executed successfully.
Sep 13 11:26:40 eva /usr/sbin/gpm[2647]: Detected EXPS/2 protocol mouse.
Sep 13 11:26:47 eva kernel: eth0: no IPv6 routers present
Sep 13 11:26:51 eva /usr/sbin/cron[2688]: (CRON) INFO (pidfile fd = 3)
Sep 13 11:26:52 eva /usr/sbin/cron[2689]: (CRON) STARTUP (fork ok)
Sep 13 11:26:52 eva xfs: ignoring font path element /usr/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/ (unreadable)
Sep 13 11:26:52 eva /usr/sbin/cron[2689]: (CRON) INFO (Running @reboot jobs)
Sep 13 11:26:53 eva xfs: ignoring font path element /usr/lib/X11/fonts/CID (unreadable)
Sep 13 11:26:54 eva kernel: ip_tables: (C) 2000-2002 Netfilter core team
Sep 13 11:26:54 eva kernel: ip_conntrack version 2.1 (4091 buckets, 32728 max) - 296 bytes per conntrack
Sep 13 11:26:54 eva kernel: apm: BIOS version 1.2 Flags 0x03 (Driver version 1.16ac)
Sep 13 11:26:54 eva kernel: apm: overridden by ACPI.
Sep 13 11:26:54 eva modprobe: FATAL: Error inserting apm (/lib/modules/2.6.7-1-686/kernel/arch/i386/kernel/apm.ko): No such device

Other logs file store boot messages (and other information) relative a single service or daemon. For example /var/log/Xfree86.log for Xfree and /var/log/xdm.log for xdm.
eva:/var/log# cat XFree86.0.log
XFree86 Version 4.3.0.1 (Debian 4.3.0.dfsg.1-4 20040529113443 [email protected])
Release Date: 15 August 2003
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0, Release 6.6
Build Operating System: Linux 2.6.6-rc3-bk9 i686 [ELF]
Build Date: 29 May 2004
        Before reporting problems, check http://www.XFree86.Org/
        to make sure that you have the latest version.
Module Loader present
OS Kernel: Linux version 2.4.25-1-386 (herbert@gondolin) (gcc version 3.3.3 (Debian 20040401)) #2 Wed Apr 14 19:38:08 EST 2004 T
Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
         (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
         (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
(==) Log file: "/var/log/XFree86.0.log", Time: Tue Sep  7 13:08:02 2004
(==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/XF86Config-4"
(==) ServerLayout "Default Layout"
(**) |-->Screen "Default Screen" (0)
(**) |   |-->Monitor "Generic Monitor"
(**) |   |-->Device "nvidia"
(**) |-->Input Device "Generic Keyboard"
(**) Option "XkbRules" "xfree86"
(**) XKB: rules: "xfree86"
(**) Option "XkbModel" "pc104"
(**) XKB: model: "pc104"
(**) Option "XkbLayout" "us"
(**) XKB: layout: "us"
(==) Keyboard: CustomKeycode disabled
(**) |-->Input Device "Configured Mouse"
(**) |-->Input Device "Touchpad"
(WW) No FontPath specified.  Using compiled-in default.
(WW) The directory "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/CID/" does not exist.
        Entry deleted from font path.
(==) FontPath set to "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/,/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo/,/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/,
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/,/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/"
(==) RgbPath set to "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb"
(==) ModulePath set to "/usr/X11R6/lib/modules"
(++) using VT number 8

Debian Sarge - Boot process

Autore: neo - ( Revisione: al ) - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2005-01-10 13:30:49 - Data di creazione: 2005-01-10 13:30:49
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Debian's boot follows the usual steps:
- BIOS (Hardware low level initialization)
- Boot Loader (Grub or Lilo)
- Kernel loading
- Init start up and running services scripts.

Boot Loader
Debian Sarge (actual test version) uses Grub as default boot loader,
/boot/grub is the base directory where are placed various files:
- configuration file /boot/grub/menu.lst with options for boot action.
- file where devices (Ex. Hard-Disk, Floppy) are mapped: device.map.
- binary files of stage 1, stage 1.5 and stage 2 phase of grub.

Kernel
All kernels images (vmlinuz-X-XX-XX) are placed in /boot with system.map and initrd images, kernel modules are separated by kernel version in /lib/modules/.

Init
Init startup stage uses the default configuration file /etc/inittab.
The first system initialization script launched is /etc/init.d/rcS, this runs all the scripts beginning with S in /etc/init.d/rcS.d/, after, init executes the services scripts in a directory specified by the default runlevel (/etc/rc?.d), where ? by default is 2.
Default run level organization follows:
Runlevel 0 is halt.
Runlevel 1 is single-user.
Runlevel 2 is multi user with text environment (in many other Linux distro, this corrispond to runlevel 3).
Runlevel 5 is multi user with graphical environment.
Runlevel 6 is reboot.
At runlevel S the system is in emergency mode, /etc/init.d/rcS is not executed and a sulogin is offered to the user.

Red Hat Fedora - Boot Messages

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-06 11:27:23 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-06 11:27:23
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Fedora (and generally all Red Hat distro) store information about the boot process messages in these files:
/var/log/dmesg (kernel messages) and /var/log/boot.log (services outputs).
The first log (it can be seen also with the command dmesg) is rewritten at every system restart, the second one mantains the record of past booting activities.
Here follows the output of a Fedora System on a HP Pavillon zd7000 laptop with some standad services removed from startup and a modified kernel with the Nvidia drivers.

[root@vagante root]# cat /var/log/dmesg
Linux version 2.6.5-1.358.8kstacks (root@www) (gcc version 3.3.3 20040412 (Red Hat Linux 3.3.3-7)) #1 Sat May 22 21:46:42 EDT 2004 In this case the kernel is a modified version with 8K stacks, necessary for using the nvidia drivers in Fedora2
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f800 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000000d8000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001ff70000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000001ff70000 - 000000001ff7b000 (ACPI data)
BIOS-e820: 000000001ff7b000 - 000000001ff80000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820: 000000001ff80000 - 0000000020000000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec10000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000ff800000 - 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fffffc00 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
0MB HIGHMEM available.
511MB LOWMEM available.
On node 0 totalpages: 130928
  DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:1
  Normal zone: 126832 pages, LIFO batch:16
  HighMem zone: 0 pages, LIFO batch:1
DMI present.
ACPI: RSDP (v000 HP                                        ) @ 0x000f67b0
ACPI: RSDT (v001     HP   RSDT   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000000) @ 0x1ff738bb
ACPI: FADT (v001 HP     SPDG     0x06040000 PTL  0x00000003) @ 0x1ff7aecf
ACPI: MADT (v001 HP              APIC   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000000) @ 0x1ff7af43
ACPI: BOOT (v001     HP $SBFTBL$ 0x06040000  LTP 0x00000001) @ 0x1ff7afa1
ACPI: SSDT (v001 HP     ACPIHT   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000001) @ 0x1ff7afc9
ACPI: DSDT (v001  HP    SPRGDALE 0x06040000 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x00000000
ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x1008
Built 1 zonelists
Kernel command line: ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
Initializing CPU#0
PID hash table entries: 2048 (order 11: 16384 bytes)
Detected 2793.138 MHz processor.
Using pmtmr for high-res timesource
Console: colour VGA+ 80x25
Memory: 515964k/523712k available (1534k kernel code, 6976k reserved, 606k data, 144k init, 0k highmem)
Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... Ok.
Calibrating delay loop... 5537.79 BogoMIPS
Security Scaffold v1.0.0 initialized
SELinux:  Initializing.
SELinux:  Starting in permissive mode
There is already a security framework initialized, register_security failed.
Failure registering capabilities with the kernel
selinux_register_security:  Registering secondary module capability SELinux settings, in this case, are not customized
Capability LSM initialized
Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
CPU:     After generic identify, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU:     After vendor identify, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU: Trace cache: 12K uops, L1 D cache: 8K
CPU: L2 cache: 512K
CPU:     After all inits, caps: bfebf3ff 00000000 00000000 00000080
Intel machine check architecture supported.
Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#0.
CPU#0: Intel P4/Xeon Extended MCE MSRs (12) available
CPU: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 2.80GHz stepping 09
Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done.
Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done.
Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
NET: Registered protocol family 16
PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfd972, last bus=2
PCI: Using configuration type 1
mtrr: v2.0 (20020519)
ACPI: Subsystem revision 20040326
ACPI: IRQ9 SCI: Edge set to Level Trigger.
ACPI breakpoint: Executed AML Breakpoint opcode
ACPI: Interpreter enabled
ACPI: Using PIC for interrupt routing
ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (00:00)
PCI: Probing PCI hardware (bus 00)
PCI: Ignoring BAR0-3 of IDE controller 0000:00:1f.1
Transparent bridge - 0000:00:1e.0
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0._PRT]
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0.AGP_._PRT]
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0.HUB_._PRT]
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 3 10 11 14 15)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 3 *10 11 14 15)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 3 *10 11 14 15)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 3 10 *11 14 15)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKE] (IRQs 3 10 11 14 15)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKF] (IRQs 3 10 11 14 15)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKG] (IRQs 3 10 11 14 15)
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKH] (IRQs 3 10 *11 14 15)
ACPI: Embedded Controller [EC0] (gpe 29)
Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay
usbcore: registered new driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new driver hub
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] enabled at IRQ 5
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] enabled at IRQ 11
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] enabled at IRQ 10
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKH] enabled at IRQ 11
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] enabled at IRQ 10
ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKE] enabled at IRQ 4
PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing
PCI: if you experience problems, try using option 'pci=noacpi' or even 'acpi=off'
Simple Boot Flag at 0x36 set to 0x1
apm: BIOS version 1.2 Flags 0x03 (Driver version 1.16ac)
apm: overridden by ACPI.
audit: initializing netlink socket (disabled)
audit(1094465361.838:0): initialized
Total HugeTLB memory allocated, 0
VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1
Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
SELinux:  Registering netfilter hooks
Initializing Cryptographic API
pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5
ACPI: Processor [CPU0] (supports C1 C3, 8 throttling states)
ACPI: Thermal Zone [THRM] (32 C)
isapnp: Scanning for PnP cards...
isapnp: No Plug & Play device found
Real Time Clock Driver v1.12
Linux agpgart interface v0.100 (c) Dave Jones
agpgart: Detected an Intel 865 Chipset.
agpgart: Maximum main memory to use for agp memory: 439M
agpgart: AGP aperture is 128M @ 0xd8000000
Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 8 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
ttyS1 at I/O 0x2f8 (irq = 3) is a NS16550A
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 16384K size 1024 blocksize
divert: not allocating divert_blk for non-ethernet device lo
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2
ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
ICH5: IDE controller at PCI slot 0000:00:1f.1
PCI: Enabling device 0000:00:1f.1 (0005 -> 0007)
ICH5: chipset revision 2
ICH5: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
    ide0: BM-DMA at 0x2040-0x2047, BIOS settings: hda:DMA, hdb:pio
    ide1: BM-DMA at 0x2048-0x204f, BIOS settings: hdc:DMA, hdd:pio
hda: TOSHIBA MK6021GAS, ATA DISK drive
Using cfq io scheduler
ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
hdc: HL-DT-STCD-RW/DVD DRIVE GCC-4241N, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
ide1 at 0x170-0x177,0x376 on irq 15
hda: max request size: 128KiB
hda: 117210240 sectors (60011 MB), CHS=65535/16/63, UDMA(100)
hda: hda1 hda2 hda3 hda4 < hda5 hda6 hda7 hda8 hda9 hda10 hda11 hda12 >
hdc: ATAPI 24X DVD-ROM CD-R/RW drive, 2048kB Cache, DMA
Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20
ide-floppy driver 0.99.newide
usbcore: registered new driver hiddev
usbcore: registered new driver hid
drivers/usb/input/hid-core.c: v2.0:USB HID core driver
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
Synaptics Touchpad, model: 1
Firmware: 5.9
Sensor: 35
new absolute packet format
Touchpad has extended capability bits
-> palm detection
input: SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad on isa0060/serio1
serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1
input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard on isa0060/serio0
md: md driver 0.90.0 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP: routing cache hash table of 4096 buckets, 32Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 32768 bind 65536)
Initializing IPsec netlink socket
NET: Registered protocol family 1
NET: Registered protocol family 17
ACPI: (supports S0 S3 S4 S5)
checking if image is initramfs...it isn't (no cpio magic); looks like an initrd
Freeing initrd memory: 187k freed
md: Autodetecting RAID arrays.
md: autorun ...
md: ... autorun DONE.
RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
EXT3-fs: INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem.
EXT3-fs: write access will be enabled during recovery.
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs: recovery complete.
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
Freeing unused kernel memory: 144k freed
SELinux:  Disabled at runtime.
SELinux:  Unregistering netfilter hooks
NET: Registered protocol family 10
Disabled Privacy Extensions on device c02db720(lo)
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver
divert: not allocating divert_blk for non-ethernet device sit0
nvidia: module license 'NVIDIA' taints kernel. NVidia modules are not fully GPL even if freelt usable. The kernel underlines this
0: nvidia: loading NVIDIA Linux x86 NVIDIA Kernel Module  1.0-5336  Wed Jan 14 18:29:26 PST 2004
agpgart: Found an AGP 3.0 compliant device at 0000:00:00.0.
agpgart: Putting AGP V3 device at 0000:00:00.0 into 8x mode
agpgart: Putting AGP V3 device at 0000:01:00.0 into 8x mode
ACPI: AC Adapter [ACAD] (on-line)
ACPI: Battery Slot [BAT1] (battery present)
ACPI: Power Button (FF) [PWRF]
ACPI: Sleep Button (CM) [SBTN]
ACPI: Lid Switch [LID]
ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: EHCI Host Controller
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1d.7 to 64
ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: irq 11, pci mem e08a1000
ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
PCI: cache line size of 128 is not supported by device 0000:00:1d.7
ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: USB 2.0 enabled, EHCI 1.00, driver 2003-Dec-29
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 6 ports detected
USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver v2.2
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: UHCI Host Controller
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1d.0 to 64
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: irq 5, io base 00001cc0
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 2-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.1: UHCI Host Controller
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1d.1 to 64
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.1: irq 11, io base 00001ce0
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3
hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 3-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.2: UHCI Host Controller
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1d.2 to 64
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.2: irq 10, io base 00002000
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.2: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 4
hub 4-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 4-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
EXT3 FS on hda2, internal journal
device-mapper: 4.1.0-ioctl (2003-12-10) initialised: [email protected]
cdrom: open failed.
Adding 1020088k swap on /dev/hda5.  Priority:-1 extents:1
found reiserfs format "3.6" with standard journal
reiserfs: using ordered data mode
Reiserfs journal params: device hda6, size 8192, journal first block 18, max trans len 1024, max batch 90
0, max commit age 30, max trans age 30
reiserfs: checking transaction log (hda6) for (hda6)
Using r5 hash to sort names
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3 FS on hda7, internal journal
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
found reiserfs format "3.6" with standard journal
reiserfs: using ordered data mode
Reiserfs journal params: device hda8, size 8192, journal first block 18, max trans len 1024, max batch 90
0, max commit age 30, max trans age 30
reiserfs: checking transaction log (hda8) for (hda8)
Using r5 hash to sort names
found reiserfs format "3.6" with standard journal
reiserfs: using ordered data mode
Reiserfs journal params: device hda10, size 8192, journal first block 18, max trans len 1024, max batch 9
00, max commit age 30, max trans age 30

reiserfs: checking transaction log (hda10) for (hda10)
Using r5 hash to sort names
EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
sh-2021: reiserfs_fill_super: can not find reiserfs on hda9
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3 FS on hda3, internal journal
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.

[root@vagante root]# cat /var/log/boot.log
Here follows the enumeration of services started at boot time and stopped during shutdown
Sep  4 10:31:56 vagante syslog: syslogd startup succeeded
Sep  4 10:31:56 vagante syslog: klogd startup succeeded
Sep  4 10:31:56 vagante irqbalance: irqbalance startup succeeded
Sep  4 10:31:56 vagante random: Initializing random number generator:  succeeded
Sep  4 10:31:56 vagante pcmcia: Starting PCMCIA services:
Sep  4 10:31:57 vagante pcmcia: cardmgr[1726]: watching 1 socket
Sep  4 10:31:57 vagante pcmcia: done.
Sep  4 10:31:57 vagante rc: Starting pcmcia:  succeeded
Sep  4 10:31:58 vagante autofs: automount startup succeeded
Sep  4 10:31:58 vagante smartd: smartd startup succeeded
Sep  4 10:31:58 vagante acpid: acpid startup succeeded
Sep  4 10:31:54 vagante network: Bringing up interface eth0:  succeeded
Sep  4 10:31:54 vagante network: Bringing up interface eth1:  succeeded
Sep  4 10:31:59 vagante yum:  succeeded
Sep  4 10:32:07 vagante cups: cupsd startup succeeded
Sep  4 10:32:07 vagante sshd:  succeeded
Sep  4 10:32:07 vagante xinetd: xinetd startup succeeded
Sep  4 10:32:10 vagante postfix:  succeeded
Sep  4 10:32:10 vagante crond: crond startup succeeded
Sep  4 10:32:11 vagante xfs: xfs startup succeeded
Sep  4 10:32:11 vagante anacron: anacron startup succeeded
Sep  4 10:32:11 vagante readahead: Starting background readahead:
Sep  4 10:32:12 vagante rc: Starting readahead:  succeeded
Sep  4 10:32:12 vagante messagebus: messagebus startup succeeded
Sep  4 13:44:42 vagante yum: Disabling nightly yum update:
Sep  4 13:44:42 vagante yum:  succeeded
Sep  4 13:44:42 vagante yum: ^[[60G
Sep  4 13:44:42 vagante yum:
Sep  4 13:44:42 vagante rc: Stopping yum:  succeeded
Sep  4 13:44:42 vagante messagebus: messagebus -TERM succeeded
Sep  4 13:44:42 vagante cups: cupsd shutdown succeeded
Sep  4 13:44:42 vagante xfs: xfs shutdown succeeded
Sep  4 13:44:43 vagante sshd: sshd -TERM succeeded
Sep  4 13:44:43 vagante postfix: Shutting down postfix:
Sep  4 13:44:43 vagante postfix:  failed
Sep  4 13:44:43 vagante postfix:
Sep  4 13:44:43 vagante rc: Stopping postfix:  failed
Sep  4 13:44:43 vagante smartd: smartd shutdown succeeded
Sep  4 13:44:44 vagante xinetd: xinetd shutdown succeeded
Sep  4 13:44:44 vagante ripd: rip shutdown succeeded
Sep  4 13:44:44 vagante acpid: acpid shutdown succeeded
Sep  4 13:44:44 vagante crond: crond shutdown succeeded
Sep  4 13:44:44 vagante dd: 1+0 records in
Sep  4 13:44:44 vagante dd: 1+0 records out
Sep  4 13:44:44 vagante random: Saving random seed:  succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:04 vagante syslog: syslogd startup succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:04 vagante syslog: klogd startup succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:04 vagante irqbalance: irqbalance startup succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:04 vagante random: Initializing random number generator:  succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:04 vagante pcmcia: Starting PCMCIA services:
Sep  6 10:10:05 vagante pcmcia: cardmgr[1649]: watching 1 socket
Sep  6 10:10:05 vagante pcmcia: done.
Sep  6 10:10:05 vagante rc: Starting pcmcia:  succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:06 vagante autofs: automount startup succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:06 vagante smartd: smartd startup succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:06 vagante acpid: acpid startup succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:02 vagante ifup:  done.
Sep  6 10:10:02 vagante network: Bringing up interface eth0:  succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:07 vagante yum:  succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:02 vagante network: Bringing up interface eth1:  succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:16 vagante cups: cupsd startup succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:16 vagante sshd:  succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:16 vagante xinetd: xinetd startup succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:18 vagante postfix:  succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:18 vagante crond: crond startup succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:19 vagante xfs: xfs startup succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:19 vagante anacron: anacron startup succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:19 vagante readahead: Starting background readahead:
Sep  6 10:10:19 vagante rc: Starting readahead:  succeeded
Sep  6 10:10:20 vagante messagebus: messagebus startup succeeded
Sep  6 11:15:24 vagante cups: cupsd shutdown succeeded
Sep  6 11:15:26 vagante cups: cupsd startup succeeded

Suse 9 - Boot Messages

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2005-03-11 12:18:46 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-06 12:48:30
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

All the boot information and output of a Suse 9 system can be retrieved in /var/log/boot.msg. Here you find the kernel messages, stored by the ksyslog daemon, the init output and the messages of the various services started at the chosen runlevel.
This file is rewritten at every reboot, a copy of the output of the previous boot is kept in /var/log/boot.omsg
Here follows the output of the boot messages on a fresh Suse 9.1 on a HP Pavillon zd7000 laptop.

[root@vagante root]# cat /mnt/suse/var/log/boot.msg
Inspecting /boot/System.map-2.6.5-7.108-smp
Loaded 24327 symbols from /boot/System.map-2.6.5-7.108-smp.
Symbols match kernel version 2.6.5.
No module symbols loaded - kernel modules not enabled.

klogd 1.4.1, log source = ksyslog started. Kernel output starts here
<4>Linux version 2.6.5-7.108-smp (geeko@buildhost) (gcc version 3.3.3 (SuSE Linux)) #1 SMP Wed Aug 25 13:34:40 UTC 2004 2.6.5 is the default kernel for Suse 9.1
<6>BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
<4> BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f800 (usable)
<4> BIOS-e820: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
<4> BIOS-e820: 00000000000d8000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
<4> BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001ff70000 (usable)
<4> BIOS-e820: 000000001ff70000 - 000000001ff7b000 (ACPI data)
<4> BIOS-e820: 000000001ff7b000 - 000000001ff80000 (ACPI NVS)
<4> BIOS-e820: 000000001ff80000 - 0000000020000000 (reserved)
<4> BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec10000 (reserved)
<4> BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
<4> BIOS-e820: 00000000ff800000 - 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
<4> BIOS-e820: 00000000fffffc00 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
<5>500MB vmalloc/ioremap area available.
<5>0MB HIGHMEM available.
<5>511MB LOWMEM available.
<6>found SMP MP-table at 000f67a0
<4>On node 0 totalpages: 130928
<4>  DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:1
<4>  Normal zone: 126832 pages, LIFO batch:16
<4>  HighMem zone: 0 pages, LIFO batch:1
<6>DMI present.
<6>Using APIC driver default
<6>ACPI: RSDP (v000 HP                                        ) @ 0x000f67b0
<6>ACPI: RSDT (v001     HP   RSDT   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000000) @ 0x1ff738bb
<6>ACPI: FADT (v001 HP     SPDG     0x06040000 PTL  0x00000003) @ 0x1ff7aecf
<6>ACPI: MADT (v001 HP           APIC   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000000) @ 0x1ff7af43
<6>ACPI: BOOT (v001     HP $SBFTBL$ 0x06040000  LTP 0x00000001) @ 0x1ff7afa1
<6>ACPI: SSDT (v001 HP     ACPIHT   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000001) @ 0x1ff7afc9
<6>ACPI: DSDT (v001  HP    SPRGDALE 0x06040000 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x00000000
<6>ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x1008
<7>ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000
<4>ES7000: did not find Unisys ACPI OEM table!
<6>ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)
<4>Processor #0 15:2 APIC version 20
<6>ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x01] enabled)
<4>Processor #1 15:2 APIC version 20
<6>ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x00] high edge lint[0x1])
<6>ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x01] high edge lint[0x1])
<6>ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x02] address[0xfec00000] global_irq_base[0x0])
<6>IOAPIC[0]: Assigned apic_id 2
<4>IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 2, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
<6>ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 high level)
<4>Enabling APIC mode:  Flat.  Using 1 I/O APICs
<6>Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information
<4>Built 1 zonelists
<4>Kernel command line: root=/dev/hda9 vga=0x317 desktop resume=/dev/hda5 splash=silent
<6>bootsplash: silent mode.
<6>Initializing CPU#0
<4>PID hash table entries: 2048 (order 11: 16384 bytes)
<4>CKRM Initialization
<4>...... Initializing ClassType ........
<4>...... Initializing ClassType ........
<4>CKRM Initialization done
<4>Detected 2794.439 MHz processor.
<6>Using tsc for high-res timesource
<4>Console: colour dummy device 80x25
<6>Memory: 512740k/523712k available (2227k kernel code, 10188k reserved, 762k data, 244k init, 0k highmem)
<4>Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... Ok.
<4>Calibrating delay loop... 5521.40 BogoMIPS
<6>Security Scaffold v1.0.0 initialized
<6>SELinux:  Disabled at boot.
<6>Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
<4>Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
<4>Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
<7>CPU:     After generic identify, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
<7>CPU:     After vendor identify, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
<6>CPU: Trace cache: 12K uops, L1 D cache: 8K
<6>CPU: L2 cache: 512K
<6>CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
<7>CPU:     After all inits, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000080
<6>Intel machine check architecture supported.
<6>Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#0.
<6>CPU#0: Intel P4/Xeon Extended MCE MSRs (12) available
<6>CPU#0: Thermal monitoring enabled
<6>Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done.
<6>Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done.
<6>Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.
<4>CPU0: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 2.80GHz stepping 09
<4>per-CPU timeslice cutoff: 1462.58 usecs.
<4>task migration cache decay timeout: 2 msecs.
<4>enabled ExtINT on CPU#0
<4>ESR value before enabling vector: 00000000
<4>ESR value after enabling vector: 00000000
<4>Booting processor 1/1 eip 3000
<6>Initializing CPU#1
<4>masked ExtINT on CPU#1
<4>ESR value before enabling vector: 00000000
<4>ESR value after enabling vector: 00000000
<4>Calibrating delay loop... 5570.56 BogoMIPS
<7>CPU:     After generic identify, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
<7>CPU:     After vendor identify, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
<6>CPU: Trace cache: 12K uops, L1 D cache: 8K
<6>CPU: L2 cache: 512K
<6>CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
<7>CPU:     After all inits, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000080
<6>Intel machine check architecture supported.
<6>Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#1.
<6>CPU#1: Intel P4/Xeon Extended MCE MSRs (12) available
<6>CPU#1: Thermal monitoring enabled
<4>CPU1: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 2.80GHz stepping 09
<6>Total of 2 processors activated (11091.96 BogoMIPS).Pentium 4 with its dual hyperthreading computing pipes, is treated as a biprocesssor, for this reason a smp kernel is used
<4>ENABLING IO-APIC IRQs
<7>init IO_APIC IRQs
<7> IO-APIC (apicid-pin) 2-16, 2-17, 2-18, 2-19, 2-20, 2-21, 2-22, 2-23 not connected.
<6>..TIMER: vector=0x31 pin1=0 pin2=-1
<4>Using local APIC timer interrupts.
<4>calibrating APIC timer ...
<4>..... CPU clock speed is 2792.0625 MHz.
<4>..... host bus clock speed is 199.0473 MHz.
<4>checking TSC synchronization across 2 CPUs: passed.
<4>Brought up 2 CPUs
<6>checking if image is initramfs...it isn't (no cpio magic); looks like an initrd
<6>Looking for DSDT in initrd ...No customized DSDT found in initrd!
<6>Freeing initrd memory: 1192k freed
<6>NET: Registered protocol family 16
<6>PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfd972, last bus=2
<6>PCI: Using configuration type 1
<6>mtrr: v2.0 (20020519)
<6>ACPI: Subsystem revision 20040326
<3>ACPI breakpoint: Executed AML Breakpoint opcode
<6>ACPI: Interpreter enabled
<6>ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing
<6>ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (00:00)
<4>PCI: Probing PCI hardware (bus 00)
<6>PCI: Ignoring BAR0-3 of IDE controller 0000:00:1f.1
<4>Transparent bridge - 0000:00:1e.0
<7>ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0._PRT]
<7>ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0.AGP_._PRT]
<7>ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0.HUB_._PRT]
<4>ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 3 10 11 14 15) *5
<4>ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 3 *10 11 14 15)
<4>ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 3 *10 11 14 15)
<4>ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 3 10 *11 14 15)
<4>ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKE] (IRQs 3 10 11 14 15) *4
<4>ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKF] (IRQs 3 10 11 14 15) *0, disabled.
<4>ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKG] (IRQs 3 10 11 14 15) *0, disabled.
<4>ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKH] (IRQs 3 10 *11 14 15)
<6>ACPI: Embedded Controller [EC0] (gpe 29)
<6>Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay
<7>00:00:1f[A] -> 2-18 -> IRQ 18 level low
<7>00:00:1f[B] -> 2-17 -> IRQ 17 level low
<7>00:00:1d[A] -> 2-16 -> IRQ 16 level low
<7>00:00:1d[B] -> 2-19 -> IRQ 19 level low
<7>00:00:1d[D] -> 2-23 -> IRQ 23 level low
<7>00:02:00[A] -> 2-20 -> IRQ 20 level low
<7>00:02:03[A] -> 2-21 -> IRQ 21 level low
<7>00:02:03[B] -> 2-22 -> IRQ 22 level low
<7>number of MP IRQ sources: 16.
<7>number of IO-APIC #2 registers: 24.
<6>testing the IO APIC.......................
<7>IO APIC #2......
<7>.... register #00: 02000000
<7>.......    : physical APIC id: 02
<7>.......    : Delivery Type: 0
<7>.......    : LTS          : 0
<7>.... register #01: 00178020
<7>.......     : max redirection entries: 0017
<7>.......     : PRQ implemented: 1
<7>.......     : IO APIC version: 0020
<7>.... IRQ redirection table:
<7> NR Log Phy Mask Trig IRR Pol Stat Dest Deli Vect:
<7> 00 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    31
<7> 01 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    39
<7> 02 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    41
<7> 03 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    49
<7> 04 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    51
<7> 05 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    59
<7> 06 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    61
<7> 07 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    69
<7> 08 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    71
<7> 09 0FF 0F  0    1    0   0   0    1    1    79
<7> 0a 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    81
<7> 0b 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    89
<7> 0c 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    91
<7> 0d 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    99
<7> 0e 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    A1
<7> 0f 0FF 0F  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    A9
<7> 10 003 03  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    C1
<7> 11 003 03  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    B9
<7> 12 003 03  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    B1
<7> 13 003 03  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    C9
<7> 14 003 03  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    D9
<7> 15 003 03  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    E1
<7> 16 003 03  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    E9
<7> 17 003 03  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    D1
<7>IRQ to pin mappings:
<7>IRQ0 -> 0:0
<7>IRQ1 -> 0:1
<7>IRQ2 -> 0:2
<7>IRQ3 -> 0:3
<7>IRQ4 -> 0:4
<7>IRQ5 -> 0:5
<7>IRQ6 -> 0:6
<7>IRQ7 -> 0:7
<7>IRQ8 -> 0:8
<7>IRQ9 -> 0:9
<7>IRQ10 -> 0:10
<7>IRQ11 -> 0:11
<7>IRQ12 -> 0:12
<7>IRQ13 -> 0:13
<7>IRQ14 -> 0:14
<7>IRQ15 -> 0:15
<7>IRQ16 -> 0:16
<7>IRQ17 -> 0:17
<7>IRQ18 -> 0:18
<7>IRQ19 -> 0:19
<7>IRQ20 -> 0:20
<7>IRQ21 -> 0:21
<7>IRQ22 -> 0:22
<7>IRQ23 -> 0:23
<6>.................................... done.
<6>PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing
<6>PCI: if you experience problems, try using option 'pci=noacpi' or even 'acpi=off'
<6>vesafb: framebuffer at 0xe0000000, mapped to 0xe080d000, size 32768k
<6>vesafb: mode is 1024x768x16, linelength=2048, pages=1
<6>vesafb: protected mode interface info at c000:e4e0
<6>vesafb: scrolling: redraw
<6>vesafb: directcolor: size=0:5:6:5, shift=0:11:5:0
<6>fb0: VESA VGA frame buffer device
<6>Simple Boot Flag at 0x36 set to 0x1
<6>apm: BIOS version 1.2 Flags 0x03 (Driver version 1.16ac)
<5>apm: disabled - APM is not SMP safe.
<6>Starting balanced_irq
<4>Initial HugeTLB pages allocated: 0
<5>VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1
<6>Initializing Cryptographic API
<6>isapnp: Scanning for PnP cards...
<6>isapnp: No Plug & Play device found
<6> silentjpeg size 37245 bytes,<6>...found (1024x768, 17142 bytes, v3).
<4>Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 118x41
<6>Real Time Clock Driver v1.12
<6>Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 48 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
<4>ttyS1 at I/O 0x2f8 (irq = 3) is a NS16550A
<4>Using anticipatory io scheduler
<4>floppy0: no floppy controllers found
<4>RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 64000K size 1024 blocksize
<6>loop: loaded (max 8 devices)
<6>Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2
<6>ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
<6>ICH5: IDE controller at PCI slot 0000:00:1f.1
<4>PCI: Enabling device 0000:00:1f.1 (0005 -> 0007)
<6>ICH5: chipset revision 2
<6>ICH5: not 100%% native mode: will probe irqs later
<6>    ide0: BM-DMA at 0x2040-0x2047, BIOS settings: hda:DMA, hdb:pio
<6>    ide1: BM-DMA at 0x2048-0x204f, BIOS settings: hdc:DMA, hdd:pio
<4>hda: TOSHIBA MK6021GAS, ATA DISK drive
<4>ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
<4>hdc: HL-DT-STCD-RW/DVD DRIVE GCC-4241N, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
<4>ide1 at 0x170-0x177,0x376 on irq 15
<4>hda: max request size: 128KiB
<6>hda: 117210240 sectors (60011 MB), CHS=65535/16/63, UDMA(100)
<4>hda: cache flushes supported
<6> hda: hda1 hda2 hda3 hda4 < hda5 hda6 hda7 hda8 hda9 hda10 hda11 hda12 >
<4>ide-floppy driver 0.99.newide
<6>mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
<6>input: PC Speaker
<6>serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
<6>Synaptics Touchpad, model: 1
<6> Firmware: 5.9
<6> Sensor: 35
<6> new absolute packet format
<6> Touchpad has extended capability bits
<6> -> palm detection
<6>input: SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad on isa0060/serio1
<6>serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1
<6>input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard on isa0060/serio0
<6>md: md driver 0.90.0 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27
<6>NET: Registered protocol family 2
<6>IP: routing cache hash table of 4096 buckets, 32Kbytes
<6>TCP: Hash tables configured (established 32768 bind 32768)
<6>NET: Registered protocol family 1
<6>NET: Registered protocol family 8
<6>NET: Registered protocol family 20
<6>ACPI: (supports S0 S3 S4 S5)
<6>md: Autodetecting RAID arrays.
<6>md: autorun ...
<6>md: ... autorun DONE.
<5>RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
<4>VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
<6>kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
<6>EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
<4>VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) readonly.
<5>Trying to move old root to /initrd ... failed
<5>Unmounting old root
<5>Trying to free ramdisk memory ... okay
<6>Freeing unused kernel memory: 244k freed
<6>Adding 1020088k swap on /dev/hda5.  Priority:42 extents:1
<6>EXT3 FS on hda9, internal journal
<6>md: Autodetecting RAID arrays.
<6>md: autorun ...
<6>md: ... autorun DONE.
<6>device-mapper: 4.1.0-ioctl (2003-12-10) initialised: [email protected]
<6>kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
<6>EXT3 FS on hda3, internal journal
<6>EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
<6>subfs 0.9
Kernel logging (ksyslog) stopped.
Kernel log daemon terminating.

Boot logging started on /dev/tty1(/dev/console) at Sat Sep  4 20:26:21 2004
Here follow initscripts output
run boot scripts (setserial boot.proc)
Configuring serial ports...
/dev/ttyS1 at 0x02f8 (irq = 3) is a undefined
Configured serial ports
doneexit status of (setserial boot.proc) is (0 0)
run boot scripts (boot.shm)
Mounting shared memory FS on /dev/shmdone
exit status of (boot.shm) is (0)
run boot scripts (boot.rootfsck)
Activating swap-devices in /etc/fstab...
doneChecking root file system...
fsck 1.34 (25-Jul-2003)
/dev/hda9: clean, 99524/512000 files, 524134/1023868 blocks
doneexit status of (boot.rootfsck) is (0)
run boot scripts (boot.md boot.device-mapper)
Activating device mapper...
Creating /dev/mapper/control character device with major:10 minor:63.
done
exit status of (boot.md boot.device-mapper) is (0 0)
run boot scripts (boot.localfs)
Checking file systems...
fsck 1.34 (25-Jul-2003)
doneSetting updone
Mounting local file systems...
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,mode=0620,gid=5)
mount: you didn't specify a filesystem type for /dev/hda3
       I will try type ext3
/dev/hda3 on /share type ext3 (rw)
/dev/hdc on /media/cdrecorder type subfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,fs=cdfss,procuid,iocharset=utf8)
mount: mount point /mnt/removable does not exist
mount: mount point /mnt/windows does not exist
failedexit status of (boot.localfs) is (0)
run boot scripts (boot.crypto)
exit status of (boot.crypto) is (0)
run boot scripts (boot.swap boot.scpm boot.restore_permissions boot.loadmodules)
Loading required kernel modules
doneRestore device permissionsdone
Activating remaining swap-devices in /etc/fstab...
doneexit status of (boot.swap boot.scpm boot.restore_permissions boot.loadmodules) is (0 0 0 0)
run boot scripts (boot.idedma boot.clock)
Setting up the CMOS clockdone
exit status of (boot.idedma boot.clock) is (0 0)
run boot scripts (boot.ldconfig)
Setting up timezone datadone
exit status of (boot.ldconfig) is (0)
run boot scripts (boot.sched boot.localnet boot.isapnp)
Setting scheduling timeslices unused
Setting up hostname 'linux'done
Setting up loopback interface     lo
    lo        IP address: 127.0.0.1/8
done
exit status of (boot.sched boot.localnet boot.isapnp) is (6 0 0)
run boot scripts (boot.klog boot.ipconfig)
Enabling syn flood protectiondone
Disabling IP forwardingdone
done
Creating /var/log/boot.msg
donekillproc: kill(627,29)
exit status of (boot.klog boot.ipconfig) is (0 0)
System Boot Control: The system has been set up


Skipped features: boot.sched
System Boot Control: Running /etc/init.d/boot.local
donekillproc: kill(627,3)

INIT: Entering runlevel: 5

Boot logging started on /dev/tty1(/dev/console) at Sat Sep  4 18:26:31 2004
According to the default runlevel, the relevant services are started:
Master Resource Control: previous runlevel: N, switching to runlevel: 5
start services (random isdn hotplug)
Hotplug is already active  (disable with  NOHOTPLUG=1 at the boot prompt)done
Initializing random number generatordone
exit status of (random isdn hotplug) is (0 0 0)
start services (coldplug)
coldplug scanning input: ***done
         scanning pci: ********.WWW**W*done
         scanning usb: done
         .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .done
exit status of (coldplug) is (0)
start services (pcmcia)
Starting PCMCIA startproc: execve (/sbin/cardmgr) [ /sbin/cardmgr ], [ CONSOLE=/dev/console TERM=linux SHELL=/bin/sh progress=24 INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.85 REDIRECT=/dev/tty1 COLUMNS=118 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin vga=0x317 RUNLEVEL=5 resume=/dev/hda5 PWD=/ PREVLEVEL=N LINES=41 SHLVL=2 splash=silent sscripts=44 _=/sbin/startproc DAEMON=/sbin/cardmgr ]
done
exit status of (pcmcia) is (0)
start services (network)
Setting up network interfaces:
    lo
    lo        IP address: 127.0.0.1/8
done    eth0      device: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10)
    eth0      configuration: eth-id-00:c0:9f:2d:c8:a4
    eth0      (DHCP) . pidofproc: dhcpcd 2180
. . IP/Netmask: 192.168.0.102 / 255.255.255.0
doneSetting up service network  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .done
exit status of (network) is (0)
start services (syslog)
Starting syslog servicesstartproc: execve (/sbin/syslogd) [ /sbin/syslogd -a /var/lib/ntp/dev/log ], [ CONSOLE=/dev/console TERM=linux SHELL=/bin/sh progress=26 INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.85 REDIRECT=/dev/tty1 COLUMNS=118 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin vga=0x317 RUNLEVEL=5 resume=/dev/hda5 PWD=/ PREVLEVEL=N LINES=41 SHLVL=2 splash=silent sscripts=44 _=/sbin/startproc DAEMON=/sbin/syslogd ]
startproc: execve (/sbin/klogd) [ /sbin/klogd -c 1 -2 ], [ CONSOLE=/dev/console TERM=linux SHELL=/bin/sh progress=26 INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.85 REDIRECT=/dev/tty1 COLUMNS=118 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin vga=0x317 RUNLEVEL=5 resume=/dev/hda5 PWD=/ PREVLEVEL=N LINES=41 SHLVL=2 splash=silent sscripts=44 _=/sbin/startproc DAEMON=/sbin/klogd ]
done
exit status of (syslog) is (0)
start services (smbfs)
Mount SMB/ CIFS File Systems unused
exit status of (smbfs) is (6)
start services (splash_early resmgr portmap)
startproc: execve (/sbin/portmap) [ /sbin/portmap ], [ CONSOLE=/dev/console TERM=linux SHELL=/bin/sh progress=28 INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.85 REDIRECT=/dev/tty1 COLUMNS=118 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin vga=0x317 RUNLEVEL=5 resume=/dev/hda5 PWD=/ PREVLEVEL=N LINES=41 SHLVL=2 splash=silent sscripts=44 _=/sbin/startproc DAEMON=/sbin/portmap ]
startproc: execve (/sbin/resmgrd) [ /sbin/resmgrd ], [ CONSOLE=/dev/console TERM=linux SHELL=/bin/sh progress=28 INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.85 REDIRECT=/dev/tty1 COLUMNS=118 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin vga=0x317 RUNLEVEL=5 resume=/dev/hda5 PWD=/ PREVLEVEL=N LINES=41 SHLVL=2 splash=silent sscripts=44 _=/sbin/startproc DAEMON=/sbin/resmgrd ]
Starting RPC portmap daemondone
Starting resource managerdone
exit status of (splash_early resmgr portmap) is (0 0 0)
start services (nfsboot)
Starting nfsboot (sm-notify) done
exit status of (nfsboot) is (0)
start services (sshd powersaved fbset alsasound)
startproc: execve (/usr/sbin/sshd) [ /usr/sbin/sshd -o PidFile=/var/run/sshd.init.pid ], [ CONSOLE=/dev/console TERM=linux SHELL=/bin/sh progress=32 INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.85 REDIRECT=/dev/tty1 COLUMNS=118 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin vga=0x317 RUNLEVEL=5 resume=/dev/hda5 PWD=/ PREVLEVEL=N LINES=41 SHLVL=2 splash=silent sscripts=44 _=/sbin/startproc DAEMON=/usr/sbin/sshd ]
Starting SSH daemondone
startproc: execve (/usr/sbin/powersaved) [ /usr/sbin/powersaved -d -e /etc/powersave.conf -n -a resmgr -v 3 ], [ CONSOLE=/dev/console TERM=linux SHELL=/bin/sh progress=32 INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.85 REDIRECT=/dev/tty1 COLUMNS=118 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin vga=0x317 RUNLEVEL=5 resume=/dev/hda5 PWD=/ PREVLEVEL=N LINES=41 SHLVL=2 splash=silent sscripts=44 _=/sbin/startproc DAEMON=/usr/sbin/powersaved ]
loading ACPI modules (ac battery button fan processor thermal ) Starting powersaved done
Starting sound driver:  intel8x0done
Restoring the previous sound settingdone
exit status of (sshd powersaved fbset alsasound) is (0 0 0 0)
start services (splash postfix kbd cups)
startproc: execve (/usr/sbin/cupsd) [ /usr/sbin/cupsd ], [ CONSOLE=/dev/console TERM=linux SHELL=/bin/sh progress=36 INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.85 REDIRECT=/dev/tty1 COLUMNS=118 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin vga=0x317 RUNLEVEL=5 resume=/dev/hda5 PWD=/ PREVLEVEL=N LINES=41 SHLVL=2 splash=silent sscripts=44 _=/sbin/startproc DAEMON=/usr/sbin/cupsd ]
Starting cupsddone
Starting mail service (Postfix)done
Loading keymap qwerty/it.map.gz
doneLoading compose table latin1.adddone
Start Unicode mode
doneLoading console font lat9w-16.psfu  -m trivial (K
doneexit status of (splash postfix kbd cups) is (0 0 0 0)
start services (nscd hwscan cron)
startproc: execve (/usr/sbin/nscd) [ /usr/sbin/nscd ], [ CONSOLE=/dev/console TERM=linux SHELL=/bin/sh progress=40 INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.85 REDIRECT=/dev/tty1 COLUMNS=118 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin vga=0x317 RUNLEVEL=5 resume=/dev/hda5 PWD=/ PREVLEVEL=N LINES=41 SHLVL=2 splash=silent sscripts=44 _=/sbin/startproc DAEMON=/usr/sbin/nscd ]
Starting hardware scan on bootstartproc: execve (/usr/sbin/cron) [ /usr/sbin/cron ], [ CONSOLE=/dev/console TERM=linux SHELL=/bin/sh progress=40 INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.85 REDIRECT=/dev/tty1 COLUMNS=118 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin vga=0x317 RUNLEVEL=5 resume=/dev/hda5 PWD=/ PREVLEVEL=N LINES=41 SHLVL=2 splash=silent sscripts=44 _=/sbin/startproc DAEMON=/usr/sbin/cron ]
Starting Name Service Cache Daemondone
Starting CRON daemondone
exit status of (nscd hwscan cron) is (0 0 0)
start services (xdm splash_late)
Starting service kdmstartproc: execve (/opt/kde3/bin/kdm) [ /opt/kde3/bin/kdm ], [ LC_MONETARY= CONSOLE=/dev/console TERM=linux SHELL=/bin/sh LC_NUMERIC= QTDIR=/usr/lib/qt3 LC_ALL= progress=43 INIT_VERSION=sysvinit-2.85 KDEROOTHOME=/root/.kdm REDIRECT=/dev/tty1 COLUMNS=118 PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin LC_MESSAGES= vga=0x317 RUNLEVEL=5 LC_COLLATE= resume=/dev/hda5 PWD=/ LANG=en_US.UTF-8 PREVLEVEL=N LINES=41 SHLVL=2 XCURSOR_THEME=crystalwhite no_proxy=localhost WINDOWMANAGER=/usr/X11R6/bin/kde LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 splash=silent sscripts=44 LC_TIME= _=/sbin/startproc DAEMON=/opt/kde3/bin/kdm ]
done
exit status of (xdm splash_late) is (0 0)
Master Resource Control: runlevel 5 has been reached
Skipped services in runlevel 5: smbfs
killproc: kill(1293,3)

Mandrake 10 - Boot Messages

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-06 11:57:50 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-06 11:57:50
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Mandrake stored boot information in the same files o Red Hat: /var/log/dmesg (kernel messages) and /var/log/boot.log (services outputs). These info are also logged in /var/log/messages, with the other system messages.

[root@vagante root]# cat /var/log/dmesg
rakesoft.com) (gcc version 3.3.2 (Mandrake Linux 10.0 3.3.2-6mdk)) #1 SMP Wed Mar 17 14:24:28 CET 2004
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f800 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000000d8000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001ff70000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000001ff70000 - 000000001ff7b000 (ACPI data)
BIOS-e820: 000000001ff7b000 - 000000001ff80000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820: 000000001ff80000 - 0000000020000000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec10000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000ff800000 - 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fffffc00 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
511MB LOWMEM available.
found SMP MP-table at 000f67a0
hm, page 000f6000 reserved twice.
hm, page 000f7000 reserved twice.
hm, page 0009f000 reserved twice.
hm, page 000a0000 reserved twice.
On node 0 totalpages: 130928
  DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:1
  Normal zone: 126832 pages, LIFO batch:16
  HighMem zone: 0 pages, LIFO batch:1
DMI present.
ACPI: RSDP (v000 HP                                        ) @ 0x000f67b0
ACPI: RSDT (v001     HP   RSDT   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000000) @ 0x1ff738bb
ACPI: FADT (v001 HP     SPDG     0x06040000 PTL  0x00000003) @ 0x1ff7aecf
ACPI: MADT (v001 HP              APIC   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000000) @ 0x1ff7af43
ACPI: BOOT (v001     HP $SBFTBL$ 0x06040000  LTP 0x00000001) @ 0x1ff7afa1
ACPI: SSDT (v001 HP     ACPIHT   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000001) @ 0x1ff7afc9
ACPI: DSDT (v001  HP    SPRGDALE 0x06040000 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x00000000
ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x1008
ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)
Processor #0 15:2 APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x01] enabled)
Processor #1 15:2 APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x00] high edge lint[0x1])
ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x01] high edge lint[0x1])
Using ACPI for processor (LAPIC) configuration information
Intel MultiProcessor Specification v1.4
    Virtual Wire compatibility mode.
OEM ID: INTEL    Product ID: SPDG+ICH5    APIC at: 0xFEE00000
I/O APIC #2 Version 32 at 0xFEC00000.
Enabling APIC mode:  Flat.  Using 1 I/O APICs
Processors: 2
Built 1 zonelists
Kernel command line: auto BOOT_IMAGE=Mandrake ro root=306 devfs=mount acpi=ht resume=/dev/hda5 splash=silent
bootsplash: silent mode.
Initializing CPU#0
PID hash table entries: 2048 (order 11: 16384 bytes)
Detected 2793.560 MHz processor.
Using pmtmr for high-res timesource
Console: colour dummy device 80x25
Memory: 513064k/523712k available (1920k kernel code, 9880k reserved, 892k data, 288k init, 0k highmem)
Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... Ok.
Calibrating delay loop... 5537.79 BogoMIPS
Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
checking if image is initramfs...it isn't (no cpio magic); looks like an initrd
Freeing initrd memory: 206k freed
CPU:     After generic identify, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU:     After vendor identify, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU: Trace cache: 12K uops, L1 D cache: 8K
CPU: L2 cache: 512K
CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
CPU:     After all inits, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000080
Intel machine check architecture supported.
Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#0.
CPU#0: Intel P4/Xeon Extended MCE MSRs (12) available
CPU#0: Thermal monitoring enabled
Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done.
Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done.
Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
CPU0: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 2.80GHz stepping 09
per-CPU timeslice cutoff: 1463.10 usecs.
task migration cache decay timeout: 2 msecs.
enabled ExtINT on CPU#0
ESR value before enabling vector: 00000000
ESR value after enabling vector: 00000000
Booting processor 1/1 eip 3000
Initializing CPU#1
masked ExtINT on CPU#1
ESR value before enabling vector: 00000000
ESR value after enabling vector: 00000000
Calibrating delay loop... 5570.56 BogoMIPS
CPU:     After generic identify, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU:     After vendor identify, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU: Trace cache: 12K uops, L1 D cache: 8K
CPU: L2 cache: 512K
CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0
CPU:     After all inits, caps: bfebfbff 00000000 00000000 00000080
Intel machine check architecture supported.
Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#1.
CPU#1: Intel P4/Xeon Extended MCE MSRs (12) available
CPU#1: Thermal monitoring enabled
CPU1: Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 2.80GHz stepping 09
Total of 2 processors activated (11108.35 BogoMIPS).
cpu_sibling_map[0] = 1
cpu_sibling_map[1] = 0
ENABLING IO-APIC IRQs
Setting 2 in the phys_id_present_map
...changing IO-APIC physical APIC ID to 2 ... ok.
init IO_APIC IRQs
IO-APIC (apicid-pin) 2-0, 2-4, 2-5, 2-10, 2-11, 2-21, 2-22 not connected.
..TIMER: vector=0x31 pin1=-1 pin2=0
...trying to set up timer (IRQ0) through the 8259A ...
..... (found pin 0) ...works.
number of MP IRQ sources: 25.
number of IO-APIC #2 registers: 24.
testing the IO APIC.......................
IO APIC #2......
.... register #00: 02000000
.......    : physical APIC id: 02
.......    : Delivery Type: 0
.......    : LTS          : 0
.... register #01: 00178020
.......     : max redirection entries: 0017
.......     : PRQ implemented: 1
.......     : IO APIC version: 0020
.... IRQ redirection table:
NR Log Phy Mask Trig IRR Pol Stat Dest Deli Vect:
00 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    31
01 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    39
02 000 00  1    0    0   0   0    0    0    00
03 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    41
04 000 00  1    0    0   0   0    0    0    00
05 000 00  1    0    0   0   0    0    0    00
06 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    49
07 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    51
08 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    59
09 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    61
0a 000 00  1    0    0   0   0    0    0    00
0b 000 00  1    0    0   0   0    0    0    00
0c 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    69
0d 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    71
0e 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    79
0f 001 01  0    0    0   0   0    1    1    81
10 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    89
11 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    91
12 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    99
13 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    A1
14 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    A9
15 000 00  1    0    0   0   0    0    0    00
16 000 00  1    0    0   0   0    0    0    00
17 001 01  1    1    0   1   0    1    1    B1
IRQ to pin mappings:
IRQ0 -> 0:0
IRQ1 -> 0:1
IRQ2 -> 0:2
IRQ3 -> 0:3
IRQ6 -> 0:6
IRQ7 -> 0:7
IRQ8 -> 0:8
IRQ9 -> 0:9
IRQ12 -> 0:12
IRQ13 -> 0:13
IRQ14 -> 0:14
IRQ15 -> 0:15
IRQ16 -> 0:16
IRQ17 -> 0:17
IRQ18 -> 0:18
IRQ19 -> 0:19
IRQ20 -> 0:20
IRQ23 -> 0:23
.................................... done.
Using local APIC timer interrupts.
calibrating APIC timer ...
..... CPU clock speed is 2792.0648 MHz.
..... host bus clock speed is 199.0474 MHz.
checking TSC synchronization across 2 CPUs: passed.
Starting migration thread for cpu 0
Starting migration thread for cpu 1
Brought up 1 CPUs
NET: Registered protocol family 16
EISA bus registered
PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfd972, last bus=2
PCI: Using configuration type 1
mtrr: v2.0 (20020519)
ACPI: Subsystem revision 20040211
ACPI: Interpreter disabled.
Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay
PnPBIOS: Disabled
PCI: Probing PCI hardware
PCI: Probing PCI hardware (bus 00)
PCI: Ignoring BAR0-3 of IDE controller 0000:00:1f.1
Transparent bridge - 0000:00:1e.0
PCI: Using IRQ router PIIX/ICH [8086/24d0] at 0000:00:1f.0
PCI->APIC IRQ transform: (B0,I29,P0) -> 16
PCI->APIC IRQ transform: (B0,I29,P1) -> 19
PCI->APIC IRQ transform: (B0,I29,P2) -> 18
PCI->APIC IRQ transform: (B0,I29,P3) -> 23
PCI->APIC IRQ transform: (B0,I31,P0) -> 17
PCI->APIC IRQ transform: (B0,I31,P1) -> 17
PCI->APIC IRQ transform: (B0,I31,P1) -> 17
PCI->APIC IRQ transform: (B1,I0,P0) -> 16
PCI->APIC IRQ transform: (B2,I0,P0) -> 20
PCI->APIC IRQ transform: (B2,I1,P0) -> 17
PCI->APIC IRQ transform: (B2,I1,P1) -> 18
PCI->APIC IRQ transform: (B2,I2,P0) -> 19
vesafb: framebuffer at 0xe0000000, mapped to 0xe0800000, size 16384k
vesafb: mode is 1024x768x16, linelength=2048, pages=1
vesafb: protected mode interface info at c000:e4e0
vesafb: scrolling: redraw
vesafb: directcolor: size=0:5:6:5, shift=0:11:5:0
fb0: VESA VGA frame buffer device
SBF: Simple Boot Flag extension found and enabled.
SBF: Setting boot flags 0x1
apm: BIOS version 1.2 Flags 0x03 (Driver version 1.16ac)
apm: disabled - APM is not SMP safe.
Starting balanced_irq
ikconfig 0.7 with /proc/config*
VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1
devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch ([email protected])
devfs: boot_options: 0x1
Initializing Cryptographic API
isapnp: Scanning for PnP cards...
isapnp: No Plug & Play device found
bootsplash 3.1.4-2004/02/19: looking for picture.... silentjpeg size 40369 bytes, found (1024x768, 23048 bytes, v3).
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 122x43
pty: 1024 Unix98 ptys configured
Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 8 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
ttyS1 at I/O 0x2f8 (irq = 3) is a NS16550A
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 32000K size 1024 blocksize
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2
ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
ICH5: IDE controller at PCI slot 0000:00:1f.1
PCI: Enabling device 0000:00:1f.1 (0005 -> 0007)
ICH5: chipset revision 2
ICH5: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
    ide0: BM-DMA at 0x2040-0x2047, BIOS settings: hda:DMA, hdb:pio
    ide1: BM-DMA at 0x2048-0x204f, BIOS settings: hdc:DMA, hdd:pio
hda: TOSHIBA MK6021GAS, ATA DISK drive
Using anticipatory io scheduler
ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
hdc: HL-DT-STCD-RW/DVD DRIVE GCC-4241N, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
ide1 at 0x170-0x177,0x376 on irq 15
hda: max request size: 128KiB
hda: 117210240 sectors (60011 MB), CHS=65535/16/63, UDMA(100)
/dev/ide/host0/bus0/target0/lun0: p1 p2 p3 p4 < p5 p6 p7 p8 p9 p10 p11 p12 >
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
Synaptics Touchpad, model: 1
Firmware: 5.9
Sensor: 35
new absolute packet format
Touchpad has extended capability bits
-> palm detection
input: SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad on isa0060/serio1
serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1
input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard on isa0060/serio0
md: md driver 0.90.0 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27
EISA: Probing bus 0 at eisa0
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP: routing cache hash table of 4096 buckets, 32Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 32768 bind 32768)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
BIOS EDD facility v0.13 2004-Mar-09, 1 devices found
Please report your BIOS at http://linux.dell.com/edd/results.html
PM: Reading pmdisk image.
PM: Resume from disk failed.
md: Autodetecting RAID arrays.
md: autorun ...
md: ... autorun DONE.
RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
Mounted devfs on /dev
found reiserfs format "3.6" with standard journal
Reiserfs journal params: device hda6, size 8192, journal first block 18, max trans len 1024, max batch 900, max commit age 30, max trans age 30
reiserfs: checking transaction log (hda6) for (hda6)
Using r5 hash to sort names
Mounted devfs on /dev
Freeing unused kernel memory: 288k freed
Real Time Clock Driver v1.12
drivers/usb/core/usb.c: registered new driver usbfs
drivers/usb/core/usb.c: registered new driver hub
drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.c: USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver v2.1
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: UHCI Host Controller
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1d.0 to 64
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: irq 16, io base 00001cc0
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.1: UHCI Host Controller
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1d.1 to 64
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.1: irq 19, io base 00001ce0
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 2-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.2: UHCI Host Controller
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1d.2 to 64
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.2: irq 18, io base 00002000
uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.2: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3
hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 3-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: EHCI Host Controller
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:1d.7 to 64
ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: irq 23, pci mem e1824000
ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 4
PCI: cache line size of 128 is not supported by device 0000:00:1d.7
ehci_hcd 0000:00:1d.7: USB 2.0 enabled, EHCI 1.00, driver 2003-Dec-29
hub 4-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 4-0:1.0: 6 ports detected
loop: loaded (max 8 devices)
Adding 1020088k swap on /dev/hda5.  Priority:-1 extents:1
nvidia: module license 'NVIDIA' taints kernel.
0: nvidia: loading NVIDIA Linux x86 NVIDIA Kernel Module  1.0-5336  Wed Jan 14 18:29:26 PST 2004
SCSI subsystem initialized
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
drivers/usb/core/usb.c: registered new driver usb-storage
USB Mass Storage support registered.
Linux agpgart interface v0.100 (c) Dave Jones
agpgart: Detected an Intel 865 Chipset.
agpgart: Maximum main memory to use for agp memory: 439M
agpgart: AGP aperture is 128M @ 0xd8000000
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3 FS on hda7, internal journal
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3 FS on hda2, internal journal
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
found reiserfs format "3.6" with standard journal
Reiserfs journal params: device hda8, size 8192, journal first block 18, max trans len 1024, max batch 900, max commit age 30, max trans age 30
reiserfs: checking transaction log (hda8) for (hda8)
Using r5 hash to sort names
found reiserfs format "3.6" with standard journal
Reiserfs journal params: device hda10, size 8192, journal first block 18, max trans len 1024, max batch 900, max commit age 30, max trans age 30
reiserfs: checking transaction log (hda10) for (hda10)
Using r5 hash to sort names
found reiserfs format "3.6" with standard journal
Reiserfs journal params: device hda9, size 8192, journal first block 18, max trans len 1024, max batch 900, max commit age 30, max trans age 30
reiserfs: checking transaction log (hda9) for (hda9)
Using r5 hash to sort names
NTFS driver 2.1.6 [Flags: R/O MODULE].
NTFS volume version 3.1.
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3 FS on hda3, internal journal
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
ohci1394: $Rev: 1097 $ Ben Collins <[email protected]>
ohci1394: fw-host0: OHCI-1394 1.1 (PCI): IRQ=[19]  MMIO=[d2005000-d20057ff]  Max Packet=[2048]
ieee1394: Host added: ID:BUS[0-00:1023]  GUID[00508b088000fcc7]
8139too Fast Ethernet driver 0.9.27
eth0: RealTek RTL8139 at 0xe204f800, 00:c0:9f:2d:c8:a4, IRQ 20
eth0:  Identified 8139 chip type 'RTL-8101'

[root@vagante root]# cat /var/log/boot.log
Aug  6 15:13:36 vagante alsa:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:37 vagante alsa:  succeeded
Aug  6 17:13:14 vagante rc.sysinit: Setting default font (lat0-16):  succeeded
Aug  6 17:13:14 vagante rc.sysinit: Mounting proc filesystem succeeded
Aug  6 17:13:15 vagante rc.sysinit: Mounting sysfs on /sys succeeded
Aug  6 17:13:15 vagante devfsd: Started device management daemon v1.3.25 for /dev
Aug  6 17:13:16 vagante rc.sysinit: Running DevFs daemon succeeded
Aug  6 17:13:16 vagante rc.sysinit: Unmounting initrd:  succeeded
Aug  6 17:13:17 vagante rc.sysinit: Configuring kernel parameters:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:17 vagante date: Fri Aug  6 15:13:17 CEST 2004
Aug  6 15:13:17 vagante rc.sysinit: Setting clock  (localtime): Fri Aug  6 15:13:17 CEST 2004 succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:17 vagante rc.sysinit: Loading default keymap succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:17 vagante rc.sysinit: Setting hostname vagante:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:18 vagante usb: Initializing USB controller (usb-uhci):  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:18 vagante usb: Initializing USB controller (ehci-hcd):  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:18 vagante usb: Mount USB filesystem succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:19 vagante fsck: Filesystem seems mounted read-only. Skipping journal replay.
Aug  6 15:13:19 vagante fsck: Checking internal tree..
Aug  6 15:13:19 vagante fsck: Reiserfs super block in block 16 on 0x306 of format 3.6 with standard journal
Aug  6 15:13:19 vagante fsck: Blocks (total/free): 2047996/1078732 by 4096 bytes
Aug  6 15:13:19 vagante fsck: Filesystem is cleanly umounted
Aug  6 15:13:19 vagante fsck: /  2 (of  53)/  1 (of 136)
Aug  6 15:13:19 vagante fsck: /  3 (of  53)/  1 (of 112)
[...]
Aug  6 15:13:20 vagante fsck: finished
Aug  6 15:13:20 vagante rc.sysinit: Remounting root filesystem in read-write mode:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:20 vagante rc.sysinit: Activating swap partitions:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:20 vagante : Loading module: nvidia
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante : Loading module: scsi_hostadapter
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante : Loading module: intel-agp
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: /dev/hda7: clean, 2468/1030176 files, 1473704/2056942 blocks
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: Replaying journal..
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: 0 transactions replayed
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: Checking internal tree..
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: Reiserfs super block in block 16 on 0x308 of format 3.6 with standard journal
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: Blocks (total/free): 732430/258039 by 4096 bytes
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: Filesystem is cleanly umounted
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: /  2 (of 163)/  1 (of 151)
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: /  3 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: /  1 (of  89)
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: /  4 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: /  5 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:21 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  6 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  7 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  8 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of  85)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  9 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 10 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 11 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 150)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 12 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 149)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 13 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 131)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 14 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 15 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 160)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 16 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 128)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 17 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 128)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 18 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 167)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 19 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 20 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 21 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 22 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 146)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 23 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 146)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 24 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of  85)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 25 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 26 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 27 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 28 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 154)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 29 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 30 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 31 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of  90)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 32 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of  89)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 33 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 34 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 35 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 36 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 37 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 129)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 38 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 149)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 39 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 121)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 40 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 41 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 42 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 43 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 44 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 45 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 46 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 47 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 48 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 49 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 129)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 50 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 51 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 52 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 53 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 54 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 55 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 132)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 56 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 57 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 58 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 59 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 135)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 60 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 61 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 62 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 63 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 64 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 65 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 66 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 67 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 68 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 69 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 70 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 71 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:22 vagante fsck: / 72 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 73 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 130)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 74 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 75 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 76 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of  89)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 77 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 78 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 79 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 80 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of  87)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 81 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 154)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 82 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 83 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 84 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 85 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 86 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 87 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 88 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 89 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 90 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 91 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 92 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 93 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 94 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 95 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 96 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 129)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 97 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 98 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 136)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: / 99 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /100 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /101 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /102 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 129)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /103 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /104 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /105 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 150)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /106 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 153)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /107 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /108 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /109 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /110 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /111 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /112 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /113 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /114 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /115 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /116 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /117 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of  86)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /118 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /119 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 169)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /120 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /121 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 163)
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Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 160)
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Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 147)
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Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 149)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /127 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 127)
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Aug  6 15:13:23 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 130)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /130 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
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Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 153)
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Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 101)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /133 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 141)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /134 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 145)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /135 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /136 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 118)
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Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 130)
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Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 124)
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Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 148)
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Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 147)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /144 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of  87)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /145 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 160)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /146 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 161)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /147 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 109)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /148 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 130)
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Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 158)
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Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 141)
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Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 164)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /160 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 166)
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Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 154)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /162 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 170)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /163 (of 163)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /  1 (of 134)
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: finished
Aug  6 15:13:24 vagante fsck: /share: clean, 55583/1281696 files, 1695250/2560359 blocks
Aug  6 15:13:26 vagante mount: mount: special device /dev/scsi/host0/bus0/target0/lun0/part1 does not exist
Aug  6 15:13:26 vagante mount: mount: special device /dev/sda1 does not exist
Aug  6 15:13:27 vagante rc.sysinit: Mounting local filesystems:  failed
Aug  6 15:13:27 vagante rc.sysinit: Mounting loopback filesystems:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:27 vagante loadkeys: Loading /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/it-latin1.kmap.gz
Aug  6 15:13:27 vagante keytable: Loading keymap: it-latin1 succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:27 vagante loadkeys: Loading /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/include/compose.latin.inc.gz
Aug  6 15:13:27 vagante keytable: Loading compose keys: compose.latin.inc succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:27 vagante keytable:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:27 vagante rc.sysinit: Enabling swap space:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:27 vagante rc.sysinit: Initializing firewire controller (ohci1394):  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:29 vagante mandrake_everytime: Starting netprofile:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:29 vagante iptables: Applying iptables firewall rules:
Aug  6 15:13:30 vagante iptables: Applying iptables firewall rules succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:30 vagante iptables: ^[[65G
Aug  6 15:13:30 vagante iptables: [^[[1;32m
Aug  6 15:13:30 vagante iptables:
Aug  6 15:13:30 vagante rc: Starting iptables:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:30 vagante pcmcia: Starting PCMCIA services:
Aug  6 15:13:30 vagante pcmcia: cardmgr[1137]: watching 1 socket
Aug  6 15:13:30 vagante pcmcia: done.
Aug  6 15:13:30 vagante rc: Starting pcmcia:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:30 vagante network: Setting network parameters:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:31 vagante network: Bringing up loopback interface:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:34 vagante network: Bringing up interface eth0:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:38 vagante sound: Loading mixer settings succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:38 vagante random: Initializing random number generator:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:38 vagante xfs: xfs startup succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:39 vagante dm: Starting display manager:
Aug  6 15:13:39 vagante dm: Display manager startup succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:39 vagante dm: ^[[65G
Aug  6 15:13:39 vagante dm: [^[[1;32m
Aug  6 15:13:39 vagante dm:
Aug  6 15:13:39 vagante rc: Starting dm:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:39 vagante arpwatch: arpwatch startup succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:40 vagante named: named startup succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:40 vagante sshd: Starting sshd:
Aug  6 15:13:41 vagante sshd: startup succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:41 vagante sshd: ^[[65G
Aug  6 15:13:41 vagante sshd: [^[[1;32m
Aug  6 15:13:41 vagante sshd:
Aug  6 15:13:41 vagante rc: Starting sshd:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:41 vagante xinetd: xinetd startup succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:47 vagante cups: cupsd startup succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:47 vagante dhcpd: dhcpd startup failed
Aug  6 15:13:47 vagante loadkeys: Loading /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/it-latin1.kmap.gz
Aug  6 15:13:47 vagante keytable: Loading keymap: it-latin1 succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:47 vagante loadkeys: Loading /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/include/compose.latin.inc.gz
Aug  6 15:13:47 vagante keytable: Loading compose keys: compose.latin.inc succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:47 vagante keytable:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:48 vagante crond: crond startup succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:48 vagante squid: Starting squid:
Aug  6 15:13:48 vagante squid: ^[[65G[^[[1;32m
Aug  6 15:13:48 vagante squid:
Aug  6 15:13:48 vagante rc: Starting squid:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:48 vagante lisa: Starting lisa:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:49 vagante rc: Starting kheader:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:13:49 vagante devfsd: Running devfsd actions:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:15:29 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 15:15:29 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 15:15:29 vagante network: Shutting down interface eth0:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:15:29 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 15:15:29 vagante network: Shutting down loopback interface:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:15:29 vagante network: Setting network parameters:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:15:29 vagante network: Bringing up loopback interface:  succeeded
Aug  6 15:15:33 vagante network: Bringing up interface eth0:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:29:47 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 16:29:47 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 16:29:47 vagante network: Shutting down interface eth0:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:29:47 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 16:29:47 vagante network: Shutting down loopback interface:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:29:47 vagante network: Setting network parameters:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:29:48 vagante network: Bringing up loopback interface:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:29:53 vagante network: Bringing up interface eth0:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:34:52 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 16:34:52 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 16:34:52 vagante network: Shutting down interface eth0:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:34:52 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 16:34:52 vagante network: Shutting down loopback interface:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:34:52 vagante network: Setting network parameters:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:34:52 vagante network: Bringing up loopback interface:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:34:54 vagante network: Bringing up interface eth0:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:57:45 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 16:57:45 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 16:57:45 vagante network: Shutting down interface eth0:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:57:45 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 16:57:45 vagante network: Shutting down loopback interface:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:57:46 vagante network: Setting network parameters:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:57:46 vagante network: Bringing up loopback interface:  succeeded
Aug  6 16:57:47 vagante network: Bringing up interface eth0:  succeeded
Aug  6 17:08:28 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 17:08:28 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 17:08:28 vagante network: Shutting down interface eth0:  succeeded
Aug  6 17:08:28 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 17:08:28 vagante network: Shutting down loopback interface:  succeeded
Aug  6 17:08:28 vagante network: Setting network parameters:  succeeded
Aug  6 17:08:28 vagante network: Bringing up loopback interface:  succeeded
Aug  6 17:08:33 vagante network: Bringing up interface eth0:  succeeded
Aug  6 19:31:00 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 19:31:00 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 19:31:00 vagante network: Shutting down interface eth0:  succeeded
Aug  6 19:31:00 vagante ifdown: RTNETLINK answers: No such device or address
Aug  6 19:31:00 vagante network: Shutting down loopback interface:  succeeded
Aug  6 19:31:00 vagante network: Setting network parameters:  succeeded
Aug  6 19:31:01 vagante network: Bringing up loopback interface:  succeeded
Aug  6 19:31:02 vagante network: Bringing up interface eth0:  succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:27 vagante lisa: Stopping lisa:  succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:27 vagante dm: Stopping display manager:
Aug  6 20:23:27 vagante dm: Display manager shutdown succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:27 vagante dm:
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante rc: Stopping dm:  succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante devfsd: devfsd shutdown succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante devfsd: Stopping devfsd daemon:  succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante xfs: xfs shutdown succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante rc: Stopping kheader:  succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante squid: Stopping squid:
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante squid: /etc/rc0.d/K25squid: line 147:  6889 Aborted                 $SQUID -k check >/dev/null 2>&1
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante squid: ^[[65G[^[[1;31m
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante squid:
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante rc: Stopping squid:  failed
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante sshd: Stopping sshd:
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante sshd: stop succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante sshd: ^[[65G
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante sshd: [^[[1;32m
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante sshd:
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante rc: Stopping sshd:  succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:28 vagante arpwatch: arpwatch shutdown failed
Aug  6 20:23:29 vagante named: named shutdown succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:29 vagante xinetd: xinetd shutdown succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:29 vagante crond: crond shutdown succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:29 vagante cups: cupsd shutdown succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:29 vagante alsa: Doing alsactl to store mixer settings...
Aug  6 20:23:30 vagante alsa:  succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:30 vagante alsa: ^[[65G
Aug  6 20:23:30 vagante alsa: [^[[1;32m
Aug  6 20:23:30 vagante alsa:
Aug  6 20:23:30 vagante alsa: Shutting down ALSA sound driver (version 1.0.2c):
Aug  6 20:23:31 vagante alsa:  succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:31 vagante alsa: ^[[65G
Aug  6 20:23:31 vagante alsa: [^[[1;32m
Aug  6 20:23:31 vagante alsa:
Aug  6 20:23:31 vagante rc: Stopping alsa:  succeeded
Aug  6 20:23:31 vagante dd: 1+0 records in
Aug  6 20:23:31 vagante dd: 1+0 records out
Aug  6 20:23:31 vagante random: Saving random seed:  succeeded


Linux software management

How software is installed, updated and managed on different Linux distributions

Packages management overview

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-06 14:00:59 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-06 14:00:59
Tipo Infobox: DESCRIPTION - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

A package system is at the base of the management of the software on every Linux distro.
Even if software is made by many different individuals and organizations, a clever dependency logic with coherent shared libraries has made possible the coexistence of heterogeneous programs.

A different package is usually needed for each different version of each distribution.
The formats used (rpm, deb, tgz, portage) use underlining command line tools that may have different front-ends for package management but the same working logic.

Package automatic upgrade is a feature present in every major distribution with a common logic:
- scheduling of update activities via crontab
- download via selected mirror sites of the updated packages,
- update of the package on the system (simple, fast, effective, secure) using the usual system's packet management tools.
- definition of what kind of packages have to be automatically updated (generally, kernel in never updated in an unattended way).
In some cases the user may choose the preferred update method/tool.

Packages statistics
Distrowatch reports the following statistics on the usega of different packages systems in various distros (data collected the 6th of September 2004):

RPM - Based on the .rpm packages introduced by RedHat - 105 distros:
ADIOS, Ankur Bangla, Ares, Asianux, Aurora, Aurox, Ayrsoft, Bayanihan, Berry, BioBrew, blackPanther, BLAG, Boten, Caixa Magica, cAos, CCux, Chinese 2000, ClarkConnect, Cobind, Cool, Cosix, CPUBuilders, Eadem, EduLinux, ELX, EnGarde, e-smith, Fedora, Fermi, Freedows, Gelecek, Hakin9, Hancom, Happy Mac, Haydar, HispaFuentes, HKLPG, Holon, Icepack, IDMS, Ignalum, K12LTSP, kmLinux, Kore, KRUD, LGIS, Linare, Lineox, Linpus, LinuxConsole, LinuxTLE, Linux XP, Lorma, Lycoris, Magic, Mandows, Mandrake, Media Lab, Miracle, MIZI, Momonga, MSC.Linux, N-iX, NuxOne, Octoz, OpenDesktop, OpenNA, OpenSLS, Openwall, PCLinuxOS, Peanut, PHP Sol, Pie Box, Plan-B, PLD, QiLinux, Red Flag, Red Hat, redWall, Resala, Rocks Cluster, RPM LIve, SAM, SCO, SOT, Sun JDS, SUSE, Tao, Tech, TFM, Thiz, tinysofa, Trustix, Turbolinux, Turkix, vnlinuxCD, Voodoo, White Box, WinBi, WOW, Xteam, Yoper, YourESale

DEB - Based on the .deb packages introduced by Debian - 100 Distros
AbulÉdu, Adamantix, ANTEMIUM, Arabbix, ASLinux, Augustux, BEERnix, Biadix, Bioknoppix, BlackRhino, Bluewall, Bonzai, BrlSpeak, Càtix, ClusterKnoppix, Condorux, Damn Small, Danix, Debian, DebXPde, Defender, DemoLinux, Demudi, Eagle, eduKnoppix, ERPOSS, ESware, Euronode, FAMELIX, Feather, Flonix, Freeduc, Gibraltar, Gnoppix, gnuLinEx, GNUstep, Guadalinex, Hiweed, Impi, INSERT, K-DEMar, Kaella, Kalango, KANOTIX, Kinneret, KlusTriX, knopILS, Knoppel, Knoppix, Knoppix 64, Knoppix STD, KnoppiXMAME, KnoppMyth, Kurumin, LAMPPIX, L.A.S., Libranet, LIIS, LinEspa, Linspire, Linuxin, Livux, LLGP, Loco, Luinux, Luit, MAX, Medialinux, MEPIS, MIKO GNYO, Morphix, Munjoy, Nature's, NordisKnoppix, OGo Knoppix, Omoikane, Oralux, Overclockix, Pequelin, Penguin Sleuth, PHLAK, Pilot, Progeny, Quantian, Santa Fe, Shabdix, Skolelinux, Slavix, Slix, Slo-Tech, SmartPeer, Soyombo, SULIX, Tablix, Tilix, TupiServer, UserLinux, X-evian, Xfld, Xandros, Zopix

TGZ - Based on tarred and compacted packages, introduced by Slackware - 36 Distros
AL-AMLUG, Arch, AUSTRUMI, BearOps, Blin, Buffalo, Burapha, College, CRUX, DARKSTAR, Definity, DeLi, Devil, DNALinux, Drinou, EvilEntity, Freepia, GoboLinux, JoLinux, Litrix, LiveCD Router, Minislack, MUMi, Netwosix, OpenLab, Phayoune, Plamo, Puppy, ROOT, RUNT, Sentinix, Slackintosh, Slackware, SLAX, STUX, Vector

SOURCES - Based on sources - 9 Distros
Core, Gentoo, LFS, Lunar, Murix, Onebase, ROCK, Sorcerer, Source Mage, TA

APT-RPM - Rpm managed with the apt tool - 9 Distros
ALT, Ark, ASP, CLE, Conectiva, Lorma, PLD, Vine, Yellow Dog

PORTAGE - Based on the portage system, introduced by Gentoo - 8 Distros
Gentoo, Gentoox, Jollix, Navyn OS, Shark, SystemRescue, Ututo, Vidalinux, ZerahStar

Shared software

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-06 14:07:09 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-06 14:07:09
Tipo Infobox: DESCRIPTION - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

All Linux distro provide programs and tools for the user. This free software is created by different individuals and organizations and assembled by the distribution maker.
Many programs are common in alment every distributions:

GNU BASE Software
Linux is much more than Linus Torvalds' kernel: it's a full featured multi purpose operating systems which integrates many basic utilities from the GNU project.
These utilities cover the main system need and are GPL re implementations of basic Unix commands and tools:
Glibc: GNU C Library is one of the most important components of most modern Linux distributions. It is used by almost all C programs and provides the most essential program interface.
Bash: Bash is an sh-compatible shell that incorporates useful features from the Korn shell (ksh) and C shell (csh). It is intended to conform to the IEEE POSIX P1003.2/ISO 9945.2 Shell and Tools standard.
Gcc: The GNU Compiler Collection is a full-featured ANSI C compiler with support for K&R C, as well as C++, Objective C, Java, and Fortran.
Coreutils: Collection of basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities. Combination of file (fileutils), shell (shellutils) and text (textutils) packages into a single release.
File Utils: Used to handle files: chgrp, chown, chmod, cp, dd, df, dir, dircolors, du, install, ln, ls, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, rm, rmdir, sync, touch, vdir.
Shell Utils: Common shell utility programs: basename, chroot, date, dirname, echo, env, expr, factor, false, groups, hostname, id, logname, nice, nohup, pathchk, pinky, printenv, printf, pwd, seq, sleep, stty, su, tee, test, true, tty, uname, uptime, users, who, whoami, yes.
Textutils: Text utilities: cat, cksum, comm, csplit, cut, expand, fmt, fold, head, join, md5sum, nl, od, paste, ptx, pr, sort, split, sum, tac, tail, tr, tsort, unexpand, uniq, wc.
Inetutils: Collection of common network programs: ftp, ftpd, rcp, rexec, rlogin, rlogind, rsh, rshd, syslog, syslogd, talk, talkd, telnet, telnetd, tftp, tftpd, and uucpd.
Make: Generates executables and other non-source programs. Make reads a file called a 'makefile' to learn how the files in your program are put together.
tar - gzip: Creates tar archives - Compresses and decompresses files.
vim - emacs: Two powerful and largely used text editors.

Gnu and OpenSource Software
Besides the basic libraries, programs and command line tools every Linux distro provides common and notorious software for different uses (desktop and server). The code, the sintax of its configuration files and its working logic are always the same, but different distro can provide different versions, place files in different positions, integrate in the whole system and different ways. Here are some very common and used programs:
XFree86: An OpenSource X server, necessary for a graphical environment in Linux
Gnome: GNU Network Object Model Environment. An integrated desktop and applications framework
KDE: The Big Alternative to Gnome: An integrated graphical desktop environment
OpenOffice: The most famous, advanced and mature Open Source Office application
Perl: A programming language largely used for scripts, programs and web applications. Usually available with various libraries for different uses.
Apache: The most used and powerful Web Server software
Sendmail / Postfix: Two of the most used Mail Delivery Agents. Often both are presented as alternatives that the user can choose.
Bind: The most used open source DNS server implemention.
Samba: The open source implementation of a CIFS/SMB file server
Gimp: The most advanced and know graphic images processing and manipulation tool.
Mozilla: One of the most advanced and known opensource web browsers.

RedHat Fedora - Software management

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-09 12:04:54 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-09 12:04:54
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Fedora's rpm management has the same logic of all the RedHat versions.
rpm is the command used to handle all the operations on the packages (installation, removal, update...), in Fedora 2 is used rpm version 4.3. Every day (/etc/cron.daily/rpm/) a list of installed packages is placed in /var/log/rpmpkgs.

The rpm database, containing info about the installed rpms, the dependencies and requirements, the accepted GPG keys and MD5 signatures is in the /var/lib/rpm directory.
Note: Previous versions of rpm had a bug tha locked the database during certain operations and blocked all the rpm activities so that only a reboot could solve the problem. A faster solution is to delete the temporary data files called __db.001, __db.002, __db.003 in /var/lib/rpm. These files, if absent, are regenerated when the rpm command is issued.

Fedora provides system-config-packages (previously called redhat-config-packages) a graphical front-end to package management. It's accessible from the menu: System Settings - Add/Remove Applications and directly during the installation procedure.

An update system is necessary for any modern operating systems and Fedora actually can boast two different default update tools plus various other that can be installed separately.

UP2DATE is the official Red Hat Update Agent, which usually connects to Red Hat Network (RHN) for automatic packages update. A subscription to RHN is required for commercial versions of RedHat Linux and is actually the price you pay for the software. In Fedora up2date actually uses Yum or Apt repositories in different Fedora mirrors worldwide to retrieve packages, so it doesn't directly downloads packages from RHN and is free as beer.
The list of mirrors used by up2date is in /etc/sysconfig/rhn/sources, the general configuration file is /etc/sysconfig/rhn/up2date and is generated by the up2date-config graphical tool.
An unique identification ID of the system for RHN is placed in /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid, the downloaded packages and headers are stored in /var/spool/up2date.

YUM derives from the Yellow Dog distro and has been used by RedHat since Fedora 1.  It has fastly become a major and well spread update system and actually does its work well. The configuration file is /etc/yum.conf, packages are downloaded in the /var/cache/yum directory, a log of the updates is /var/log/yum.log. Nightly yum updates can be activated as a normal service. Yum actually is not an always running daemon: a cron job every day checks if a lock file is present (/var/lock/subsys/yum)
before executing, with /etc/init.d/yum status you can see if Yum updates are activated.

Yum, as similar tools, takes care of all the dependencies because it downloads from the source sites the full list of the headers of all the locally installed rpms. The headers (file called "packagename.hdr") are a compressed text with all the typical information about a package: description, files provided, dependencies, checksums.
With the yum-arch command is possible to create all the headers of the rpms stored is the selected directory, building up what actually is necessary for a Yum repository.
Packages are divided in channels, there are the official ones (base CDROM, official updates, testing updates) and the ones from indipendent RPM builders (the most important ones are Freshmeat and DAG) or software makers.

An automatic update of the system can seem dangerous for a production server, but if this is entirely based on official rpms (without relevant software built from sources) it's quite safe and advisable.
To be sure to update rpms from a trusted source it's possibile to force the checking the GPG signature of the new packages against an imported and trusted GPG key.
To import the official GPG key for RedHat's released packages: rpm --import /usr/share/doc/fedora-release-2/RPM-GPG-KEY. If want to install checked software from other sources you need also to import the relative GPG key.

The number of rpm repositories for Fedora is getting quite large with overlapping software and potential problems if you use some of them together.
The basic scenario is this:
Fedora Updates are the official updates of the software provided with the Fedora CDROMs
Fedora Extras are extra semi-official packages made by the www.fedora.us guys (a collaborative effort)
Livna is a repository based of the Fedora extras packages list (must be used with it) featuring software that for various reasons (not totally free licence, impending patents and so on) could not be officially merged with Fedora Extra. Main page: rpm.livna.org
FreshRPMS, DAG, Newrpms, Dries, ATrpms are five different sites, maintained by individuals, with plenty of rpms of different software. The complete merged list of projects is impressive (more than 1500).


The most reasonable choice when using alternative channels for packages is the duo Fedora Extras / Livna OR one or more source from the alternative list.

Using netselect-apt to find the best apt mirror

Autore: neo - ( Revisione: al ) - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-19 22:30:24 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-19 22:30:24
Tipo Infobox: TIPS - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

Netselect-apt is a tool very useful to find the fastest apt mirror from official debian list. It is based on netselect ( http://www.worldvisions.ca/~apenwarr/netselect/ )

Installation with apt-get
eva:~# apt-get install netselect-apt
[...]
The following extra packages will be installed:
  netselect
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  netselect netselect-apt
[...]
Example of use of netselect-apt to check the best test version mirror
eva:~# netselect-apt test
Retrieving the list of mirrors from www.debian.org...
--18:46:36--  http://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full
           => `mirrors_full'
[...]
Choosing a main Debian mirror using netselect.
netselect: unknown host debian.kida.net
[...]
Running netselect to choose 1 out of 303 addresses.
The fastest server seems to be:
        http://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/debian/

Choosing a non-US Debian mirror using netselect.
netselect: unknown host debian.efis.ucr.ac.cr
netselect: unknown host debian.serveftp.net
netselect: unknown host dennou-t.ms.u-tokyo.ac.jp
netselect: unknown host debian.luxadmin.org
netselect: unknown host debian.mps.krakow.pl
netselect: unknown host debian.psu.ru
Running netselect to choose 1 out of 237 addresses.
[...]
The fastest non-US server seems to be:
        http://debian.fastweb.it/debian-non-US/

Writing the sources.list in the current directory.
Done.
The new sources.list file created in current directory can be reviewed and inserted in the working configuration
eva:~# cat sources.list
# the main Debian packages.  Uncomment the deb-src line if you
# want 'apt-get source' to work with most packages.
deb http://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/debian/ test main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/debian/ test main contrib non-free

# the non-US Debian packages.  Uncomment the deb-src line if you
# want 'apt-get source' to work with non-US packages.
deb http://debian.fastweb.it/debian-non-US/ test/non-US main contrib non-free
# deb-src http://debian.fastweb.it/debian-non-US/ test/non-US main contrib non-free

Slackware - Package management

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-12-19 22:41:18 - Data di creazione: 2004-12-19 22:41:18
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Slackware package management, even if based on a common logic (software packages can be individually installed, listed, upgraded and removed) uses a method that reveals somehow the "older" nature of this distribution.

Slackware packages are divided in different sets, that group software according to various common points. In a distribution CDROM or download site, all the files are contained in directories with the relative set name:
A - The base system. Contains enough software to get up and running and have a text editor and basic communications programs.
AP - Various applications that do not require the X Window System.
D - Program development tools. Compilers, debuggers, interpreters, and man pages. It's all here.
DES - Includes the GNU libc crypt() function.
E - GNU Emacs. Yes, Emacs is so big it requires its own series.
F - FAQs, HOWTOs, and other miscellaneous documentation.
GTK - The GNOME desktop environment, GTK widget library, and the GIMP.
K - The source code for the Linux kernel.
KDE - The K Desktop Environment. An X environment which shares a lot of look-and-feel features with the MacOS and Windows. The Qt widget library is also in this series, as KDE requires it to function.
N - Networking programs. Daemons, mail programs, telnet, news readers, and so on.
T - teTeX document formatting system.
TCL - The Tool Command Language, Tk, TclX, and TkDesk.
U - Contains packages for programs designed specifically for and that will only run on UltraSPARC systems.
X - The base X Window System.
XAP - X applications that are not part of a major desktop environment. For example Ghostscript and Netscape.
XD - X11 program development. Libraries, server link kit, and PEX support.
XV - XView libraries, the OpenLook Virtual and Non-Virtual window managers, and various other XView applications.
Y - Games (the BSD games collection, Sasteroids, Koules, and Lizards).

Packages are simple tar.gz files (generally with suffix .tgz) that are meant to be uncompacted in the root directory of the filesystem. Each pack's file and directory structure, in fact, reflexes exactly the positions on the system of the files to be installed. In a .tgz, beside the system directories, there is a special install/ subdirectory with the description of the package and the scripts to be executed at its installation.

An out of the box Slackware installation provides some tools to manage packages:

PKGTOOL is a menu driven program that provides a somehow simple interface to package installation, view and removal. To install one or more packages you just need to specify the location of the directory containing the .tgz files.

INSTALLPKG REMOVEPKG UPGRADEPKG are the command line tools used to install, remove or upgrage a package. A database of installed software is kept in the /var/log/packages/ directory, here there is a file for each package with its description and the list of what has been installed. A list of the eventual post-installation scripts is in  /var/log/packages/scripts/. If you want to try the installation on a test directory, change the value of the ROOT environment variable before launching installpkg (this is what is automatically done during Slackware's installation).
The upgrade procedure first installs the new package, writing its file on the system, then removes any file from the older package that is not present in the new one. It's always better to make a copy of edited configuration files.

MAKEPKG RPM2TARGZ the first one can be used to create a tgz package, the second one attempts to create a tgz from a rpm file.

Besides these standard tools it is possibile to download more effective utilities to manage and update the software:

SWARET is one of the most knows tools to manage manual or unattended system's updates. It reads configuration and repository URLS from /etc/swaret.conf, it stores the downloaded tgzs in /var/swaret/ and keeks a log of its activities in /var/log/swaret

SLAPT-GET is the Slack's way to implement Debian's apt system for packages. Keeping the use of the native tools (installpkg, upgradepkg, removepkg), it handles recursive dependencies, partial downloads, lists of installable software and multiple sources with different protocols. It keeps configuration files in /etc/slapt-get/ and stores downloaded data in /var/slapt-get/.

Slackware - Packages logs

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-11-14 10:36:17 - Data di creazione: 2004-11-14 10:36:17
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

The list of the packages installed on Slackware Linux is in the /var/log/packages directory, where there's a file (with description and installed files list) for each tgz.
If swaret is installed, you can view the log of its activities in /var/log/swaret

root@vagante:/home/al# ls -latr /var/log/packages/
total 7728
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   4561 2004-09-11 22:51 bittorrent-3.4.2-noarch-1
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   1165 2004-09-11 22:51 slackpkg-1.2.2-noarch-4
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   3034 2004-09-11 23:23 linux-wlan-ng-0.2.1pre21_2.6.7-i486-1
[...]
# Package names follow a common logic with the software name - its version - the architecture for which is built
[...]
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  58881 2004-09-12 00:15 kernel-modules-2.4.26-i486-3
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   2524 2004-09-12 00:15 lilo-22.5.9-i486-2
# From the size of these description files you can have a glimpse of its dimensions, since here you find a (always useful) list of the files installed with the package. Make use of this: commands like grep * /usr/sbin/ifconfig can show you what package has provided the specified command
[...]
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  13027 2004-09-12 00:15 pkgtools-10.0.0-i486-1
# The package pgktools installs the basic tools for package management: explore this in order to discover everything about Slack's packages
[...]
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   7441 2004-09-12 00:17 gcc-3.3.4-i486-1
-rw-r--r--   1 root root 247936 2004-09-12 00:19 glibc-2.3.2-i486-6
# GCC 3.3.4, GLIBC 2.3.2 on standard Slackware 10. Note that most packages are built for 486 architecture (from a standard Intel ISO CDROM install)
[...]
-rw-r--r--   1 root root  74614 2004-09-12 00:30 quanta-3.2.3-i486-1
# Here follow packages installed later, after the initial installation on hard disk
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   5561 2004-09-12 00:51 xcdroast-0.98alpha15-i486-1
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   2416 2004-09-12 01:06 swaret-1.6.2-noarch-1
-rw-r--r--   1 root root   2215 2004-09-12 17:10 slapt-get-0.9.9a-i386-1
# For package management and update, Swaret is a must, but there's always slapt-get for APT devotes

root@vagante:/home/al# cat /var/log/swaret
Sun Sep 12 01:08:39 CEST 2004: [ GLOBAL ] - swaret --update
# Swaret's log is interesting. The options --update retrieves the list of current packcages...
Sun Sep 12 01:08:39 CEST 2004: [ update_lists() ] - [ ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/os/Linux/distr/slackware/slackware-current ]
Sun Sep 12 01:08:42 CEST 2004: [ update_lists() ] - ### Fetching CHECKSUMS List File... DONE!
Sun Sep 12 01:08:46 CEST 2004: [ update_lists() ] - ### Fetching FILELIST List File... DONE!
Sun Sep 12 01:08:48 CEST 2004: [ update_lists() ] - ### Fetching PACKAGES List File for Packages... DONE!
Sun Sep 12 01:08:49 CEST 2004: [ update_lists() ] - ### Fetching PACKAGES List File for Extra Packages... DONE!
Sun Sep 12 01:08:50 CEST 2004: [ --changelog ] - ### Fetching ChangeLog... DONE!
Sun Sep 12 01:08:50 CEST 2004: [ update_lists() ] - => Generating List Files... DONE!
Sun Sep 12 01:08:56 CEST 2004: [ GLOBAL ] - swaret --upgrade
Sun Sep 12 01:30:15 CEST 2004: [ function_upgrade() ] - Upgrade alsa-driver-1.0.5a-i486-2 to alsa-driver-1.0.6a_2.4.26-i486-1? (y/n/A/Q): [y]
Sun Sep 12 01:30:15 CEST 2004: [ function_upgrade() ] - Upgrade alsa-lib-1.0.5-i486-1 to alsa-lib-1.0.6-i486-1? (y/n/A/Q): [y]
# The option --upgrade make an update of all the installed packages (you can exclude some of them manually) keeping them up to  date with the Slackware-current list
Sun Sep 12 01:30:16 CEST 2004: [ function_upgrade() ] - Upgrade alsa-oss-1.0.5-i486-1 to alsa-oss-1.0.6-i486-1? (y/n/A/Q): [y]
[...]
Sun Sep 12 01:30:26 CEST 2004: [ gfile() ] - ### Fetching alsa-driver-1.0.6a_2.4.26-i486-1 (1485 kB)... DONE!
Sun Sep 12 01:30:26 CEST 2004: [ checksum() ] - => MD5 for Package alsa-driver-1.0.6a_2.4.26-i486-1 OK!
Sun Sep 12 01:30:26 CEST 2004: [ gfile() ] - [ ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/os/Linux/distr/slackware/slackware-current ]
# After the selection of packages to update, each of them is downloaded, MD5 checked and installed

/etc/apt/sources.list

Autore: neo - ( Revisione: al ) - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-19 22:33:03 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-19 22:33:03
Tipo Infobox: PATH - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Here's a small sample of the configuration file that contains the repository list where apt can download .deb files.
The following example is a source list mostly of italian mirrors.

eva:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main
deb ftp://debian.fastweb.it/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
deb-src ftp://debian.fastweb.it/debian/ testing main

You can find best mirror for you here : http://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full .
If you cannot find best solution, netselect tools (http://packages.debian.org/unstable/net/netselect-apt) help you to find mirror with fastest response times.

Debian - Package management

Autore: neo - ( Revisione: al ) - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-17 23:56:05 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-17 23:56:05
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Debian has introduced in the Linux world the .deb format for its packages, which are equivalent, but not compatible with the rpm packages.
The basic command tool used to install, remove, query and update packages is dpkg (corrisponds to the rpm program) but most Debian administrators use apt to manage the software on their system, because it brilliantly manage dependencies, updates, upgrades from stable to testing versions and handling of different download sources (there's a port of apt for rpm and tgz, and equivalent tools like yum or urpmi on rpm based systems).
dselect is another well known tool, which basically is a menu based frontend to dpkg, which presentes packages grouped in different cathegories.

APT logic is very simple, in /etc/apt/source.lst there's the list of the sources (local filsystem, http, ftp sites) for the deb packages to install or update on the system.
In /var/cache/apt/ are placed downloaded packages and the list of headers retrieved from sources.

Apt basic syntax
apt-get update - Retrieves the list of downloadable packages from the configured sources.
apt-get upgrade - Upgrades the locally installed packages that have more recent updates.
apt-get install synaptic - Installs the specified package (in this example "synaptic")
apt-get remove sendmail - Removes the specified package (checking for dependencies and keeping modified configuration files)
apt-get purge sendmail - Completely removes the specified package even modified configration files
apt-get -u dist-upgrade - Upgrades the complete system the a new Debian release.

There are several text and graphical front-ends that can help software management operations:
aptitude – Advanced text and command line front end for APT
synaptic – Attractive Gtk GUI front end for APT
dselect – Menu-driven package manager
tasksel – Task installer

/etc/yum.conf

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-09 12:23:43 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-09 12:23:43
Tipo Infobox: PATH - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Here's a sample /etc/yum.conf file with a complete listing of different sources for alternative packages.
Be careful in using many different unofficial sources at the same time, since there can be conflicts and problem with dependiencies.
Various repositories have to be commented out in order to be used. You can decide to update only GPG checked packages uncommenting the gpgcheck=1 line.
In this case you must import the relative GPG key (rpm --import URL) from the listed URL (note that lines beginning with "## GPG Key run:..." must NOT be uncommented).
The file is based on the excellent work of Maxwell Kanat-Alexander (max at fedorafaq dot org), version dated 30 July 2004 and some addings from other sources (drtbalu on http://www.fedoraforum.org/forum/archive/index.php/t-19862.html).

Generally is not advisable to use too many sources at the same time, because there can be conflicts between dependencies. Besides the reccomended Fedora updates, either use Fedora-Extras + Livna (as in this sample) OR one or more from Freshrpms, Dag, Dries, Atprms.
Jpackages, Macromedia and other single-project sources shouble be usable without problems.

[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
pkgpolicy=newest
distroverpkg=fedora-release
tolerant=1
exactarch=0
# Added this because some mirrors go down and then retying takes forever.
retries=1
# Uncomment below if you want to autoupdate also the kernel rpms (reboot is necessary to use the new kernel, once installed)
# exclude=kernel*

## Basic Fedora ####################

[base]
name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Base
baseurl=http://mirror.hiwaay.net/redhat/fedora/linux/core/$releasever/$basearch/os
  http://rpmfind.net/linux/fedora/core/$releasever/$basearch/os
  http://mirror.clarkson.edu/pub/distributions/fedora/linux/core/$releasever/$basearch/os
  http://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/linux/fedora/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.os
#  http://fedora.redhat.com/releases/fedora-core-$releasever
#gpgcheck=1

#[base-debuginfo]
#name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Debug Info
#baseurl=http://speakeasy.rpmfind.net/linux/fedora/core/$releasever/$basearch/debug
#  http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/fedora/linux/core/$releasever/$basearch/debug
#  http://mirror.clarkson.edu/pub/distributions/fedora/linux/core/$releasever/$basearch/debug
#  http://gulus.usherbrooke.ca/pub/distro/fedora/linux/core/$releasever/$basearch/debug
##gpgcheck=1

[updates-released]
name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Released Updates
baseurl=http://ftp.ens.utulsa.edu/pub/linux/fedora/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch
  http://rpmfind.net/linux/fedora/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch
  http://mirror.clarkson.edu/pub/distributions/fedora/linux/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch
  http://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/linux/fedora/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.updates
#  http://fedora.redhat.com/updates/released/fedora-core-$releasever
#gpgcheck=1

#[updates-testing]
#name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Unreleased Updates
#baseurl=http://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/linux/fedora/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/yum/updates-testing
#  http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/fedora/linux/core/updates/testing/$releasever/$basearch
#  http://mirror.clarkson.edu/pub/distributions/fedora/linux/core/updates/testing/$releasever/$basearch
#  http://gulus.usherbrooke.ca/pub/distro/fedora/linux/core/updates/testing/$releasever/$basearch
##  http://fedora.redhat.com/updates/testing/fedora-core-$releasever
##gpgcheck=1


## Fedora Extras #####################

[fedora-stable]
name=Fedora.us Extras (Stable)
baseurl=http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora.us/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.stable
  http://fedora.quicknet.nl/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.stable
  http://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/linux/fedora/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.stable
  http://fedora.mirror.sdv.fr/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.stable
  http://download.fedora.us/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.stable
#gpgcheck=1

[fedora-unstable]
name=Fedora.us Extras (Unstable)
baseurl=http://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/linux/fedora/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.unstable
  http://fedora.mirror.sdv.fr/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.unstable
  http://fedora.quicknet.nl/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.unstable
  http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora.us/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.unstable
  http://download.fedora.us/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.unstable
#gpgcheck=1

[fedora-testing]
name=Fedora.us Extras (Testing)
baseurl=http://download.fedora.us/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.testing
  http://fedora.quicknet.nl/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.testing
  http://fedora.mirror.sdv.fr/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.testing
  http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora.us/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.testing
  http://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/linux/fedora/fedora/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/RPMS.testing
#gpgcheck=1

## Livna.org #################

[livna-stable]
name=Livna.org - Fedora Compatible Packages (stable)
baseurl=http://rpm.livna.org/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/yum/stable
  http://livna.cat.pdx.edu/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/yum/stable
#gpgcheck=1
## GPG Key run: rpm --import http://rpm.livna.org/RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY

[livna-unstable]
name=Livna.org - Fedora Compatible Packages (unstable)
baseurl=http://rpm.livna.org/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/yum/unstable
  http://livna.cat.pdx.edu/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/yum/unstable
#gpgcheck=1

[livna-testing]
name=Livna.org - Fedora Compatible Packages (testing)
baseurl=http://rpm.livna.org/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/yum/testing
  http://livna.cat.pdx.edu/fedora/$releasever/$basearch/yum/testing
#gpgcheck=1


## Jpackage #############
# JPackage is a GREAT repository for Java Software.
# However, you may have to compile some SRPMs to use it,
# so it's commented out by default. See
#
# For the SRPMs, and for the general details.
#
# Note: JPackage IS compatible with the fedora.us repositories.
# You can use JPackage and fedora.us at the same time, without
# any trouble.

#[jpackage-generic]
#name=JPackage Cross-Platform Packages
#baseurl=http://aleron.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jpackage/direct_download/1.5/generic/free
#  http://heanet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jpackage/direct_download/1.5/generic/free
#  http://umn.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jpackage/direct_download/1.5/generic/free
#failovermethod=priority
#gpgcheck=1
## GPG Key run: rpm --import http://www.jpackage.org/jpackage.asc

#[jpackage-fedora]
#name=JPackage Fedora Packages
#baseurl=http://aleron.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jpackage/direct_download/1.5/fedora-$releasever/free
#  http://heanet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jpackage/direct_download/1.5/fedora-$releasever/free
#  http://umn.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jpackage/direct_download/1.5/fedora-$releasever/free
#failovermethod=priority
##gpgcheck=1

## Alternate Repositories ##############################
# Uncomment these to use them -- note that some packages
# from these repositories may conflict with the fedora.us
# packages. If you use these repositories, you may wish to
# comment-out the fedora.us and livna.org repositories.

#[freshrpms]
#name=FreshRPMs
#baseurl=http://ayo.freshrpms.net/fedora/linux/$releasever/$basearch/freshrpms/
#  http://ftp.us2.freshrpms.net/linux/freshrpms/ayo/fedora/linux/$releasever/$basearch/freshrpms/
#gpgcheck=1
## GPG Key run:rpm --import http://freshrpms.net/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.txt

#[dag]
#name=Dag APT Repository
#baseurl=http://dag.freshrpms.net/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/dag
#  http://dag.atrpms.net/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/dag/
#  http://ftp.heanet.ie/pub/freshrpms/pub/dag/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/dag
#gpgcheck=1
## GPG Key run: rpm --import http://dag.wieers.com/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt

#[dries]
#name=Extra Fedora rpms dries - $releasever - $basearch
#baseurl=http://apt.sw.be/dries/fedora/linux/$releasever/$basearch/dries
#gpgcheck=1
## GPG Key run: rpm --import http://dries.studentenweb.org/ayo/RPM-GPG-KEY.dries.txt

#[spc-production]
#name=Subpop.net (Production)
#baseurl=http://rpms.subpop.net/fedora/linux/$releasever/$basearch/production
#gpgcheck=1
## GPG Key run: rpm --import http://rpms.subpop.net/RPM-GPG-KEY.spc.txt

#[newrpms]
#name=NewRPMs
#baseurl=http://newrpms.sunsite.dk/apt/redhat/en/$basearch/fc$releasever
#  http://newrpms.atrpms.net/apt/redhat/en/$basearch/fc$releasever
#gpgcheck=1
## GPG Key run: rpm --import http://newrpms.sunsite.dk/gpg-pubkey-newrpms.txt

#[atrpms-stable]
#name=ATrpms - Stable (Most Stable)
#baseurl=http://apt.physik.fu-berlin.de/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/at-stable
#  http://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/atrpms/download.atrpms.net/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/at-stable
#  http://wftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/ATrpms/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/at-stable
#gpgcheck=1
## GPG Key run: rpm --import http://atrpms.net/RPM-GPG-KEY.atrpms

#[atrpms-good]
#name=ATrpms - Good (2nd Most Stable)
#baseurl=http://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/atrpms/download.atrpms.net/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/at-good
#  http://apt.physik.fu-berlin.de/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/at-good
#  http://wftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/ATrpms/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/at-good
#gpgcheck=1

#[atrpms-testing]
#name=ATrpms - Testing (3rd Most Stable)
#baseurl=http://wftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/ATrpms/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/at-testing
#  http://apt.physik.fu-berlin.de/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/at-testing
#  http://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/atrpms/download.atrpms.net/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/at-testing
#gpgcheck=1

#[atrpms-bleeding]
#name=ATrpms - Bleeding (Least Stable)
#baseurl=http://apt.physik.fu-berlin.de/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/at-bleeding
#  http://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/atrpms/download.atrpms.net/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/at-bleeding
#  http://wftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/ATrpms/fedora/$releasever/en/$basearch/at-bleeding
#gpgcheck=1

#[li.stable]
#name=Fedora Linux $releasever - i586 - li (stable)
#baseurl=http://apt.ling.li/fedora/$releasever/i586/li
#gpgcheck=1
## GPG Key run: rpm --import http://apt.ling.li/RPM-GPG-KEY.txt

#[li.unstable]
#name=Fedora Linux $releasever - i586 - li (unstable)
#baseurl=http://apt.ling.li/fedora/$releasever/i586/unstable
#gpgcheck=1


## Miscellaneous #####################

[macromedia.mplug.org]
name=macromedia.mplug.org - Flash Plugin
baseurl=http://macromedia.mplug.org/apt/fedora/$releasever
  http://sluglug.ucsc.edu/macromedia/apt/fedora/$releasever
  http://ruslug.rutgers.edu/macromedia/apt/fedora/$releasever
  http://macromedia.rediris.es/apt/fedora/$releasever
#gpgcheck=1
## GPG Key run: rpm --import http://ruslug.rutgers.edu/macromedia/gpg-publickey.txt

Fedora - Packages logs

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-07 10:07:10 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-07 10:07:10
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Fedora uses rpm for managing software packages. The list of the installed packages is in /var/log/rpmpkgs, a similiar list is always available with the rpm -qa command.
Fedora provides 2 different methods to update the systems's software: up2date which connects to Red Hat Network and uses Red Hat' own update system and yum which can be used also to update packages from different sources and channels. Yum stores its logs in /var/log/yum.log.

[root@vagante /]# cat /var/log/rpmpkgs
4Suite-1.0-1.0.a3.1.i386.rpm
GConf-1.0.9-13.1.i386.rpm
GConf2-2.6.0-7.i386.rpm
Glide3-20010520-30.i386.rpm
Guppi-0.40.3-18.i386.rpm
ImageMagick-5.5.7.15-1.3.i386.rpm
MAKEDEV-3.3.13-1.i386.rpm
ORBit-0.5.17-11.4.1.i386.rpm
ORBit2-2.10.0-4.i386.rpm
Omni-0.9.1-6.i386.rpm
Omni-foomatic-0.9.1-6.i386.rpm
PyXML-0.8.3-4.1.i386.rpm
SDL-1.2.7-3.i386.rpm
SysVinit-2.85-25.i386.rpm
VFlib2-2.25.6-21.i386.rpm
Xaw3d-1.5-21.1.i386.rpm
a2ps-4.13b-37.i386.rpm
a52dec-0.7.4-7.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
aalib-1.4.0-5.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
acl-2.2.7-5.i386.rpm
acpid-1.0.2-6.i386.rpm
airsnort-0.2.4-0.a.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
airtraf-1.1-0.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
alchemist-1.0.33-1.i386.rpm
alsa-lib-1.0.3a-2.i386.rpm
alsa-utils-1.0.3-1.i386.rpm
anacron-2.3-30.i386.rpm
ant-1.5.2-26.i386.rpm
ant-core-1.5.2-26.i386.rpm
apmd-3.0.2-22.i386.rpm
apr-0.9.4-11.i386.rpm
apr-util-0.9.4-14.i386.rpm
apt-0.5.15cnc6-1.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
arpwatch-2.1a13-1.i386.rpm
arts-1.2.2-2.i386.rpm
ash-0.3.8-18.i386.rpm
aspell-0.50.3-19.1.i386.rpm
aspell-en-0.51-7.1.i386.rpm
at-3.1.8-53.i386.rpm
at-spi-1.4.0-1.i386.rpm
atk-1.6.0-1.i386.rpm
atk-devel-1.6.0-1.i386.rpm
attr-2.4.1-4.i386.rpm
audiofile-0.2.5-1.1.i386.rpm
aumix-2.8-8.i386.rpm
authconfig-4.6.2-1.i386.rpm
authconfig-gtk-4.6.2-1.i386.rpm
autoconf-2.59-3.noarch.rpm
autofs-4.1.2-2.i386.rpm
automake-1.8.3-1.noarch.rpm
automake14-1.4p6-9.noarch.rpm
automake15-1.5-10.noarch.rpm
automake16-1.6.3-2.noarch.rpm
automake17-1.7.9-2.noarch.rpm
autorun-3.13-1.i386.rpm
basesystem-8.0-3.noarch.rpm
bash-2.05b-38.i386.rpm
bc-1.06-16.1.i386.rpm
bcel-5.0-13.i386.rpm
beecrypt-3.1.0-3.i386.rpm
bind-9.2.3-13.i386.rpm
bind-libs-9.2.3-13.i386.rpm
bind-utils-9.2.3-13.i386.rpm
binutils-2.15.90.0.3-5.i386.rpm
bison-1.875c-1.i386.rpm
bitmap-fonts-0.3-3.noarch.rpm
bitstream-vera-fonts-1.10-3.noarch.rpm
bochs-2.1.1-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
bonobo-1.0.22-8.1.i386.rpm
boost-1.31.0-7.i386.rpm
boost-devel-1.31.0-7.i386.rpm
byacc-1.9-27.i386.rpm
bzip2-1.0.2-12.1.i386.rpm
bzip2-devel-1.0.2-12.1.i386.rpm
bzip2-libs-1.0.2-12.1.i386.rpm
caching-nameserver-7.2-12.noarch.rpm
cdda2wav-2.01-0.a27.4.FC2.1.i386.rpm
cdecl-2.5-29.i386.rpm
cdlabelgen-2.6.1-2.noarch.rpm
cdp-0.33-31.i386.rpm
cdparanoia-alpha9.8-20.1.i386.rpm
cdparanoia-libs-alpha9.8-20.1.i386.rpm
cdrecord-2.01-0.a27.4.FC2.1.i386.rpm
chkconfig-1.3.9-1.1.i386.rpm
chkfontpath-1.10.0-1.i386.rpm
ckermit-8.0.209-7.i386.rpm
clamav-0.71-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
clamav-db-0.71-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
clamav-milter-0.71-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
clamd-0.71-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
commons-beanutils-1.6.1-13.i386.rpm
commons-collections-2.1-12.i386.rpm
commons-digester-1.4.1-13.i386.rpm
commons-logging-1.0.2-15.i386.rpm
commons-modeler-1.0-8.i386.rpm
comps-2-0.20040513.i386.rpm
comps-extras-9.92-1.noarch.rpm
control-center-2.6.1-3.i386.rpm
coreutils-5.2.1-7.i386.rpm
cpio-2.5-6.i386.rpm
cpp-3.3.3-7.i386.rpm
cracklib-2.7-27.1.i386.rpm
cracklib-dicts-2.7-27.1.i386.rpm
crontabs-1.10-6.noarch.rpm
ctags-5.5.2-2.i386.rpm
cups-1.1.20-11.1.i386.rpm
cups-libs-1.1.20-11.1.i386.rpm
curl-7.11.1-1.i386.rpm
curl-devel-7.11.1-1.i386.rpm
cvs-1.11.17-2.i386.rpm
cyrus-sasl-2.1.18-2.i386.rpm
cyrus-sasl-devel-2.1.18-2.i386.rpm
cyrus-sasl-md5-2.1.18-2.i386.rpm
cyrus-sasl-plain-2.1.18-2.i386.rpm
db4-4.2.52-3.1.i386.rpm
db4-devel-4.2.52-3.1.i386.rpm
db4-utils-4.2.52-3.1.i386.rpm
dbus-0.20-4.1.i386.rpm
dbus-glib-0.20-4.1.i386.rpm
desktop-backgrounds-basic-2.0-20.noarch.rpm
desktop-backgrounds-extra-2.0-20.noarch.rpm
desktop-file-utils-0.4-2.i386.rpm
desktop-printing-0.1.10-26.i386.rpm
dev-3.3.13-1.i386.rpm
device-mapper-1.00.14-3.i386.rpm
devlabel-0.42.05-3.1.i386.rpm
dhclient-3.0.1rc14-1.i386.rpm
dhcp-3.0.1rc14-1.i386.rpm
dia-0.93-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
dialog-0.9b-20031207.2.i386.rpm
diffstat-1.31-4.i386.rpm
diffutils-2.8.1-11.i386.rpm
distcache-1.4.5-2.i386.rpm
dnstracer-1.7-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
docbook-dtds-1.0-24.noarch.rpm
dos2unix-3.1-17.i386.rpm
dosfstools-2.8-12.i386.rpm
dovecot-0.99.10.5-0.FC2.i386.rpm
doxygen-1.3.6-2.i386.rpm
dump-0.4b33-3.i386.rpm
dvd+rw-tools-5.17.4.8.6-2.i386.rpm
dvdauthor-0.6.10-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
dvgrab-1.5-2.i386.rpm
e2fsprogs-1.35-7.1.i386.rpm
e2fsprogs-devel-1.35-7.1.i386.rpm
ed-0.2-35.i386.rpm
eel2-2.6.0-1.i386.rpm
eject-2.0.13-5.i386.rpm
elfutils-0.95-2.i386.rpm
elfutils-libelf-0.95-2.i386.rpm
elinks-0.9.1-1.i386.rpm
emacs-21.3-12.i386.rpm
emacs-common-21.3-12.i386.rpm
emacs-leim-21.3-12.i386.rpm
enscript-1.6.1-25.i386.rpm
eog-2.6.0-2.i386.rpm
epiphany-1.2.7-0.2.0.i386.rpm
esound-0.2.34-2.i386.rpm
etherape-0.9.0-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
ethereal-0.10.5-0.2.2.i386.rpm
ethereal-gnome-0.10.5-0.2.2.i386.rpm
ethtool-1.8-3.1.i386.rpm
ettercap-0.6.9-0.b.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
expat-1.95.7-1.1.i386.rpm
expat-devel-1.95.7-1.1.i386.rpm
faad2-2.0-1.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
fam-2.6.10-9.FC2.i386.rpm
fam-devel-2.6.10-9.FC2.i386.rpm
fbset-2.1-15.i386.rpm
fedora-logos-1.1.24-1.noarch.rpm
fedora-release-2-4.i386.rpm
fetchmail-6.2.5-2.i386.rpm
file-4.07-4.i386.rpm
file-roller-2.6.0-1.i386.rpm
filesystem-2.2.4-1.i386.rpm
findutils-4.1.7-25.i386.rpm
finger-0.17-24.i386.rpm
firefox-0.8-2.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
firstboot-1.3.14-1.noarch.rpm
flac-1.1.0-4.i386.rpm
flex-2.5.4a-31.1.i386.rpm
fontconfig-2.2.1-10.i386.rpm
fontconfig-devel-2.2.1-10.i386.rpm
foomatic-3.0.1-3.i386.rpm
freeglut-2.2.0-11.i386.rpm
freetype-2.1.7-4.i386.rpm
freetype-devel-2.1.7-4.i386.rpm
ftp-0.17-21.i386.rpm
g-wrap-1.3.4-5.1.i386.rpm
gail-1.6.0-1.i386.rpm
gaim-0.82-0.FC2.i386.rpm
gal-0.24-3.1.i386.rpm
gawk-3.1.3-7.i386.rpm
gcc-3.3.3-7.i386.rpm
gcc-c++-3.3.3-7.i386.rpm
gcc-g77-3.3.3-7.i386.rpm
gcc-gnat-3.3.3-7.i386.rpm
gcc-java-3.3.3-7.i386.rpm
gcc34-3.4.0-1.i386.rpm
gcc34-java-3.4.0-1.i386.rpm
gconf-editor-2.6.0-1.i386.rpm
gd-2.0.21-3.i386.rpm
gdb-6.0post-0.20040223.19.i386.rpm
gdbm-1.8.0-22.1.i386.rpm
gdbm-devel-1.8.0-22.1.i386.rpm
gdk-pixbuf-0.22.0-5.0.1.i386.rpm
gdk-pixbuf-gnome-0.22.0-5.0.1.i386.rpm
gdm-2.6.0.0-3.i386.rpm
gedit-2.6.0-4.i386.rpm
gettext-0.14.1-2.1.i386.rpm
ggv-2.6.0-2.i386.rpm
ghostscript-7.07-25.i386.rpm
ghostscript-fonts-5.50-11.noarch.rpm
gimp-2.0.4-0.fc2.1.i386.rpm
gimp-data-extras-1.2.0-11.noarch.rpm
gimp-print-4.2.6-11.i386.rpm
gimp-print-plugin-4.2.6-11.i386.rpm
gimp-print-utils-4.2.6-11.i386.rpm
gkrellm-2.2.2-1.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
glib-1.2.10-12.1.1.i386.rpm
glib-devel-1.2.10-12.1.1.i386.rpm
glib2-2.4.0-1.i386.rpm
glib2-devel-2.4.0-1.i386.rpm
glibc-2.3.3-27.i686.rpm
glibc-common-2.3.3-27.i386.rpm
glibc-devel-2.3.3-27.i386.rpm
glibc-headers-2.3.3-27.i386.rpm
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-8.44.i386.rpm
gmp-4.1.2-14.i386.rpm
gmp-devel-4.1.2-14.i386.rpm
gnome-applets-2.6.2.1-1.i386.rpm
gnome-audio-1.4.0-7.noarch.rpm
gnome-desktop-2.6.0.1-1.i386.rpm
gnome-icon-theme-1.2.0-1.noarch.rpm
gnome-keyring-0.2.0-1.i386.rpm
gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-40.i386.rpm
gnome-mag-0.10.10-2.i386.rpm
gnome-media-2.6.0-1.i386.rpm
gnome-mime-data-2.4.1-4.i386.rpm
gnome-panel-2.6.0-9.i386.rpm
gnome-pilot-2.0.10-6.1.i386.rpm
gnome-print-0.37-9.i386.rpm
gnome-python2-2.0.0-4.1.i386.rpm
gnome-python2-bonobo-2.0.0-4.1.i386.rpm
gnome-python2-canvas-2.0.0-4.1.i386.rpm
gnome-python2-gtkhtml2-2.0.0-4.1.i386.rpm
gnome-session-2.6.0-4.i386.rpm
gnome-system-monitor-2.6.0-3.i386.rpm
gnome-terminal-2.6.0-2.i386.rpm
gnome-themes-2.6.0-2.i386.rpm
gnome-user-docs-2.6.0.1-2.noarch.rpm
gnome-utils-2.6.0-2.i386.rpm
gnome-vfs-1.0.5-18.i386.rpm
gnome-vfs-extras-0.2.0-8.1.i386.rpm
gnome-vfs2-2.6.0-8.i386.rpm
gnome-vfs2-smb-2.6.0-8.i386.rpm
gnomemeeting-1.0.2-2.i386.rpm
gnucash-1.8.9-1.i386.rpm
gnupg-1.2.4-2.1.i386.rpm
gnuplot-3.7.3-5.i386.rpm
gok-0.10.2-1.i386.rpm
gpdf-0.131-2.i386.rpm
gpg-pubkey-4f2a6fd2-3f9d9d3b.(none).rpm
gpg-pubkey-db42a60e-37ea5438.(none).rpm
gpg-pubkey-db42a60e-37ea5438.(none).rpm
gpg-pubkey-e42d547b-3960bdf1.(none).rpm
gpg-pubkey-e42d547b-3960bdf1.(none).rpm
gphoto2-2.1.4-2.1.i386.rpm
gpm-1.20.1-49.i386.rpm
gpm-devel-1.20.1-49.i386.rpm
grep-2.5.1-26.i386.rpm
grip-3.2.0-2.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
groff-1.18.1-34.i386.rpm
grub-0.94-5.i386.rpm
gstreamer-0.8.3-2.i386.rpm
gstreamer-plugins-0.8.2-2.1.i386.rpm
gsubedit-0.3.20020604-0.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
gthumb-2.4.1-1.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
gtk+-1.2.10-29.1.1.i386.rpm
gtk+-devel-1.2.10-29.1.1.i386.rpm
gtk-engines-0.12-3.0.1.i386.rpm
gtk2-2.4.0-1.i386.rpm
gtk2-devel-2.4.0-1.i386.rpm
gtk2-engines-2.2.0-5.i386.rpm
gtkam-0.1.11-2.i386.rpm
gtkam-gimp-0.1.11-2.i386.rpm
gtkhtml-1.1.9-8.i386.rpm
gtkhtml2-2.6.0-1.i386.rpm
gtksourceview-1.0.0-2.i386.rpm
gtkspell-2.0.4-4.1.i386.rpm
guile-1.6.4-11.i386.rpm
gzip-1.3.3-12.i386.rpm
hdparm-5.5-1.i386.rpm
hesiod-3.0.2-29.1.i386.rpm
hesiod-devel-3.0.2-29.1.i386.rpm
hicolor-icon-theme-0.3-2.noarch.rpm
hotplug-2004_04_01-1.i386.rpm
hpijs-1.6-1.i386.rpm
htdig-3.2.0b5-7.i386.rpm
htmlview-3.0.0-4.noarch.rpm
httpd-2.0.50-2.1.i386.rpm
httpd-manual-2.0.50-2.1.i386.rpm
hwbrowser-0.15-3.noarch.rpm
hwcrypto-1.0-15.i386.rpm
hwdata-0.120-1.noarch.rpm
id3lib-3.8.3-6.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
iiimf-client-lib-11.4-46.1.svn1587.i386.rpm
iiimf-client-lib-devel-11.4-46.1.svn1587.i386.rpm
iiimf-protocol-lib-11.4-46.1.svn1587.i386.rpm
iiimf-protocol-lib-devel-11.4-46.1.svn1587.i386.rpm
imlib-1.9.13-15.1.i386.rpm
indent-2.2.9-5.i386.rpm
info-4.7-4.i386.rpm
initscripts-7.55.1-1.i386.rpm
intltool-0.30-1.i386.rpm
iproute-2.4.7-14.i386.rpm
iptables-1.2.9-2.3.1.i386.rpm
iputils-20020927-13.i386.rpm
irda-utils-0.9.15-5.i386.rpm
isdn4k-utils-3.2-13.p1.1.i386.rpm
jaf-20030319-4.i386.rpm
jakarta-regexp-1.2-15.i386.rpm
javamail-20031006-4.i386.rpm
junit-3.8.1-4.i386.rpm
jwhois-3.2.2-3.i386.rpm
k3b-0.11.12-1.i386.rpm
kbd-1.12-1.i386.rpm
kdeaddons-3.2.2-1.i386.rpm
kdeadmin-3.2.2-2.i386.rpm
kdeartwork-3.2.2-1.i386.rpm
kdebase-3.2.2-4.i386.rpm
kdegraphics-3.2.2-1.i386.rpm
kdelibs-3.2.2-6.i386.rpm
kdemultimedia-3.2.2-2.i386.rpm
kdenetwork-3.2.2-1.i386.rpm
kdepim-3.2.2-2.i386.rpm
kdeutils-3.2.2-3.i386.rpm
kernel-2.6.5-1.358.8kstacks.i686.rpm
kernel-2.6.5-1.358.i686.rpm
kernel-smp-2.6.5-1.358.8kstacks.i686.rpm
kernel-smp-2.6.5-1.358.i686.rpm
kernel-source-2.6.5-1.358.i386.rpm
kernel-utils-2.4-9.1.131.i386.rpm
kismet-3.0.1-1.200404r1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
krb5-devel-1.3.4-6.i386.rpm
krb5-libs-1.3.4-6.i386.rpm
krbafs-1.2.2-2.1.i386.rpm
krbafs-devel-1.2.2-2.1.i386.rpm
kudzu-1.1.62-1.i386.rpm
kudzu-devel-1.1.62-1.i386.rpm
lame-3.96-1.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
less-382-3.i386.rpm
lftp-3.0.4-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
lha-1.14i-14.i386.rpm
libIDL-0.8.3-2.1.i386.rpm
libacl-2.2.7-5.i386.rpm
libacl-devel-2.2.7-5.i386.rpm
libao-0.8.4-2.1.i386.rpm
libart_lgpl-2.3.16-2.1.i386.rpm
libattr-2.4.1-4.i386.rpm
libattr-devel-2.4.1-4.i386.rpm
libavc1394-0.4.1-1.1.i386.rpm
libbonobo-2.6.2-1.i386.rpm
libbonoboui-2.6.0-1.i386.rpm
libcap-1.10-18.1.i386.rpm
libcap-devel-1.10-18.1.i386.rpm
libcroco-0.4.0-4.i386.rpm
libdv-0.102-1.i386.rpm
libdvdcss-1.2.8-4.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
libdvdread-0.9.4-5.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
libexif-0.5.12-2.1.i386.rpm
libf2c-3.3.3-7.i386.rpm
libfame-0.9.1-1.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
libgail-gnome-1.0.2-3.1.i386.rpm
libgal23-0.24-3.1.i386.rpm
libgcc-3.3.3-7.i386.rpm
libgcj-3.3.3-7.i386.rpm
libgcj-devel-3.3.3-7.i386.rpm
libgcj34-3.4.0-1.i386.rpm
libgcj34-devel-3.4.0-1.i386.rpm
libghttp-1.0.9-9.1.1.i386.rpm
libglade-0.17-13.2.1.i386.rpm
libglade2-2.3.6-1.i386.rpm
libgnat-3.3.3-7.i386.rpm
libgnome-2.6.0-3.i386.rpm
libgnomecanvas-2.6.0-1.i386.rpm
libgnomecups-0.1.6-7.i386.rpm
libgnomeprint15-0.37-9.i386.rpm
libgnomeprint22-2.6.0-1.i386.rpm
libgnomeprintui22-2.6.0-1.i386.rpm
libgnomeui-2.6.0-3.i386.rpm
libgsf-1.9.0-2.i386.rpm
libgtop2-2.5.2-2.i386.rpm
libieee1284-0.2.8-2.1.i386.rpm
libjpeg-6b-31.1.i386.rpm
libjpeg-devel-6b-31.1.i386.rpm
libmad-0.15.1b-2.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
libmng-1.0.4-5.1.i386.rpm
libmng-devel-1.0.4-5.1.i386.rpm
libmusicbrainz-2.0.2-7.1.i386.rpm
libofx-0.6.6-1.i386.rpm
libogg-1.1-2.1.i386.rpm
libogg-devel-1.1-2.1.i386.rpm
libpcap-0.8.3-3.i386.rpm
libpng-1.2.5-8.i386.rpm
libpng-devel-1.2.5-8.i386.rpm
libpng10-1.0.15-8.i386.rpm
libpostproc-1.0-0.11.pre5.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
libquicktime-0.9.3-1.1.fc2.fr.i586.rpm
libraw1394-0.10.1-1.i386.rpm
librsvg2-2.6.4-2.i386.rpm
libselinux-1.11.4-1.i386.rpm
libselinux-devel-1.11.4-1.i386.rpm
libstdc++-3.3.3-7.i386.rpm
libstdc++-devel-3.3.3-7.i386.rpm
libtermcap-2.0.8-38.i386.rpm
libtermcap-devel-2.0.8-38.i386.rpm
libtiff-3.5.7-16.1.i386.rpm
libtool-1.5.6-1.i386.rpm
libtool-libs-1.5.6-1.i386.rpm
libungif-4.1.0-17.1.i386.rpm
libusb-0.1.8-2.1.i386.rpm
libusb-devel-0.1.8-2.1.i386.rpm
libuser-0.51.7-7.1.1.i386.rpm
libuser-devel-0.51.7-7.1.1.i386.rpm
libvorbis-1.0.1-2.1.i386.rpm
libvorbis-devel-1.0.1-2.1.i386.rpm
libwnck-2.6.0.1-3.i386.rpm
libwvstreams-3.70-13.1.i386.rpm
libxklavier-1.02-1.i386.rpm
libxml-1.8.17-10.1.1.i386.rpm
libxml2-2.6.8-1.i386.rpm
libxml2-devel-2.6.8-1.i386.rpm
libxml2-python-2.6.8-1.i386.rpm
libxslt-1.1.5-1.i386.rpm
linc-1.0.3-3.1.i386.rpm
lirc-0.6.6-2.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
lm_sensors-2.8.6-1.i386.rpm
lockdev-1.0.1-2.3.1.i386.rpm
lockdev-devel-1.0.1-2.3.1.i386.rpm
logrotate-3.7-4.1.i386.rpm
logwatch-5.1-3.noarch.rpm
lrzsz-0.12.20-18.i386.rpm
lsof-4.68-2.i386.rpm
ltrace-0.3.32-2.i386.rpm
lvm2-2.00.15-2.i386.rpm
lynx-2.8.5-15.i386.rpm
lzo-1.08-3.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
m4-1.4.1-15.i386.rpm
magicdev-1.1.6-1.i386.rpm
mailcap-2.1.15-1.noarch.rpm
mailman-2.1.5-7.i386.rpm
mailx-8.1.1-32.i386.rpm
make-3.80-3.i386.rpm
man-1.5m2-6.i386.rpm
man-pages-1.66-2.noarch.rpm
mc-4.6.0-17.fc2.i386.rpm
mdadm-1.5.0-3.i386.rpm
memprof-0.5.1-4.2.i386.rpm
memtest86+-1.11-2.i386.rpm
metacity-2.8.1-2.i386.rpm
mikmod-3.1.6-24.1.i386.rpm
mingetty-1.07-2.i386.rpm
minicom-2.00.0-18.1.i386.rpm
mjpegtools-1.6.2-3.1.fc2.fr.i686.rpm
mkbootdisk-1.5.1-1.1.i386.rpm
mkinitrd-3.5.22-1.i386.rpm
mkisofs-2.01-0.a27.4.FC2.1.i386.rpm
mktemp-1.5-7.i386.rpm
mod_auth_mysql-20030510-4.1.i386.rpm
mod_perl-1.99_12-2.1.i386.rpm
mod_python-3.1.3-1.fc2.1.i386.rpm
mod_ssl-2.0.50-2.1.i386.rpm
modutils-2.4.26-16.i386.rpm
mozilla-1.7.2-0.2.0.i386.rpm
mozilla-dom-inspector-1.7.2-0.2.0.i386.rpm
mozilla-mail-1.7.2-0.2.0.i386.rpm
mozilla-nspr-1.7.2-0.2.0.i386.rpm
mozilla-nss-1.7.2-0.2.0.i386.rpm
mpage-2.5.3-7.i386.rpm
mplayer-1.0-0.11.pre5.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
mplayer-fonts-1.1-2.1.fc2.dag.noarch.rpm
mrtg-2.10.5-3.i386.rpm
mt-st-0.7-13.1.i386.rpm
mtools-3.9.9-8.i386.rpm
mtr-0.54-5.i386.rpm
mx4j-1.1.1-9.i386.rpm
mysql-3.23.58-9.i386.rpm
mysql-server-3.23.58-9.i386.rpm
nano-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm
nautilus-2.6.0-4.i386.rpm
nautilus-cd-burner-2.6.0-2.i386.rpm
nautilus-media-0.8.0-1.i386.rpm
nc-1.10-20.i386.rpm
ncftp-3.1.7-2.i386.rpm
ncurses-5.4-5.i386.rpm
ncurses-devel-5.4-5.i386.rpm
net-snmp-5.1.1-2.i386.rpm
net-snmp-utils-5.1.1-2.i386.rpm
net-tools-1.60-25.1.i386.rpm
netconfig-0.8.20-1.1.1.i386.rpm
netdump-0.6.9-3.1.i386.rpm
netpbm-10.19-7.i386.rpm
netpbm-progs-10.19-7.i386.rpm
newt-0.51.6-2.1.1.i386.rpm
newt-devel-0.51.6-2.1.1.i386.rpm
nfs-utils-1.0.6-22.i386.rpm
nmap-3.50-3.i386.rpm
nmap-frontend-3.50-3.i386.rpm
nscd-2.3.3-27.i386.rpm
nss_ldap-217-1.i386.rpm
ntp-4.2.0-7.i386.rpm
ntsysv-1.3.9-1.1.i386.rpm
oaf-0.6.10-9.1.i386.rpm
ogle-0.9.2-2.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
openh323-1.13.4-2.i386.rpm
openhbci-0.9.14-2.i386.rpm
openjade-1.3.2-11.1.i386.rpm
openldap-2.1.29-1.i386.rpm
openldap-clients-2.1.29-1.i386.rpm
openldap-devel-2.1.29-1.i386.rpm
openmotif-2.2.3-4.1.i386.rpm
openoffice.org-1.1.1-4.i386.rpm
openoffice.org-i18n-1.1.1-4.i386.rpm
openoffice.org-libs-1.1.1-4.i386.rpm
openssh-3.6.1p2-34.i386.rpm
openssh-askpass-3.6.1p2-34.i386.rpm
openssh-askpass-gnome-3.6.1p2-34.i386.rpm
openssh-clients-3.6.1p2-34.i386.rpm
openssh-server-3.6.1p2-34.i386.rpm
openssl-0.9.7a-35.i686.rpm
openssl-devel-0.9.7a-35.i386.rpm
oprofile-0.8-0.20040121.3.i386.rpm
pam-0.77-40.i386.rpm
pam-devel-0.77-40.i386.rpm
pam_krb5-2.0.10-1.i386.rpm
pam_smb-1.1.7-3.1.i386.rpm
pango-1.4.0-2.i386.rpm
pango-devel-1.4.0-2.i386.rpm
parted-1.6.9-3.i386.rpm
passwd-0.68-8.1.i386.rpm
patch-2.5.4-19.i386.rpm
patchutils-0.2.29-2.i386.rpm
pax-3.0-8.i386.rpm
pciutils-2.1.99.test3-1.1.i386.rpm
pciutils-devel-2.1.99.test3-1.1.i386.rpm
pcmcia-cs-3.2.7-1.5.i386.rpm
pcre-4.5-2.i386.rpm
perl-5.8.3-18.i386.rpm
perl-Convert-BER-1.31.01-1.1.fc2.dag.noarch.rpm
perl-DBD-MySQL-2.9003-4.i386.rpm
perl-DBI-1.40-4.i386.rpm
perl-DateManip-5.42a-1.noarch.rpm
perl-Digest-HMAC-1.01-12.noarch.rpm
perl-Digest-SHA1-2.07-4.i386.rpm
perl-Filter-1.30-5.i386.rpm
perl-HTML-Parser-3.35-5.i386.rpm
perl-HTML-Tagset-3.03-29.noarch.rpm
perl-MIME-Lite-2.117-2.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
perl-Mon-0.11-1.1.fc2.dag.noarch.rpm
perl-Net-DNS-0.45-3.i386.rpm
perl-Net-SSLeay-1.23-0.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
perl-Parse-Yapp-1.05-31.noarch.rpm
perl-Time-HiRes-1.55-2.i386.rpm
perl-URI-1.30-1.noarch.rpm
perl-XML-Dumper-0.71-1.noarch.rpm
perl-XML-Encoding-1.01-25.noarch.rpm
perl-XML-Parser-2.34-2.i386.rpm
perl-libwww-perl-5.79-1.noarch.rpm
perl-libxml-enno-1.02-30.noarch.rpm
perl-libxml-perl-0.07-29.noarch.rpm
php-4.3.8-2.1.i386.rpm
php-acid-0.9.6b22-1.1.fc2.dag.noarch.rpm
php-adodb-4.22-1.1.fc2.dag.noarch.rpm
php-jpgraph-1.14-1.1.fc2.dag.noarch.rpm
php-ldap-4.3.8-2.1.i386.rpm
php-mbstring-4.3.8-2.1.i386.rpm
php-mysql-4.3.8-2.1.i386.rpm
php-pear-4.3.8-2.1.i386.rpm
pilot-link-0.11.8-3.1.i386.rpm
pinfo-0.6.8-4.i386.rpm
pkgconfig-0.15.0-1.1.i386.rpm
pnm2ppa-1.04-10.i386.rpm
policy-1.11.3-3.noarch.rpm
policycoreutils-1.11-2.i386.rpm
popt-1.9.1-0.3.i386.rpm
portmap-4.0-59.i386.rpm
postfix-2.0.18-4.i386.rpm
ppp-2.4.2-3.FC2.1.i386.rpm
prelink-0.3.2-1.i386.rpm
printman-0.0.1-2.20021202.17.i386.rpm
procmail-3.22-13.i386.rpm
procps-3.2.0-1.1.i386.rpm
psacct-6.3.2-29.i386.rpm
psgml-1.2.5-2.noarch.rpm
psmisc-21.4-2.i386.rpm
pstack-1.2-3.1.i386.rpm
psutils-1.17-22.i386.rpm
pwlib-1.6.5-1.i386.rpm
pyOpenSSL-0.5.1-21.1.i386.rpm
pygtk2-2.2.0-1.i386.rpm
pygtk2-libglade-2.2.0-1.i386.rpm
pyorbit-2.0.0-3.1.i386.rpm
pyparted-1.6.6-2.i386.rpm
python-2.3.3-6.i386.rpm
python-devel-2.3.3-6.i386.rpm
python-optik-1.4.1-5.noarch.rpm
pyxf86config-0.3.18-2.i386.rpm
qt-3.3.3-0.1.i386.rpm
qt-devel-3.3.3-0.1.i386.rpm
quota-3.10-2.i386.rpm
raidtools-1.00.3-8.i386.rpm
rcs-5.7-24.i386.rpm
rdate-1.3-3.1.i386.rpm
rdesktop-1.3.1-3.i386.rpm
rdist-6.1.5-32.i386.rpm
readline-4.3-10.1.i386.rpm
readline-devel-4.3-10.1.i386.rpm
redhat-artwork-0.96-1.i386.rpm
redhat-java-rpm-scripts-1.0.3-2.noarch.rpm
redhat-menus-1.4.1-1.noarch.rpm
redhat-rpm-config-8.0.28-1.1.1.noarch.rpm
rhgb-0.11.2-6.i386.rpm
rhn-applet-2.1.7-1.1.i386.rpm
rhnlib-1.5-1.1.noarch.rpm
rhpl-0.143-1.i386.rpm
rhythmbox-0.8.5-0.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
rip-0.1-1.i386.rpm
rmt-0.4b33-3.i386.rpm
rootfiles-7.2-7.noarch.rpm
rp-pppoe-3.5-14.i386.rpm
rpm-4.3.1-0.3.i386.rpm
rpm-build-4.3.1-0.3.i386.rpm
rpm-devel-4.3.1-0.3.i386.rpm
rpm-python-4.3.1-0.3.i386.rpm
rsh-0.17-21.i386.rpm
rsync-2.6.2-1.fc2.0.i386.rpm
samba-3.0.6-2.fc2.i386.rpm
samba-client-3.0.6-2.fc2.i386.rpm
samba-common-3.0.6-2.fc2.i386.rpm
sane-backends-1.0.13-7.i386.rpm
sane-frontends-1.0.11-4.i386.rpm
schedutils-1.3.0-6.i386.rpm
screen-4.0.2-2.i386.rpm
scrollkeeper-0.3.14-2.1.i386.rpm
sed-4.0.8-4.i386.rpm
sendmail-8.12.11-4.6.i386.rpm
sendmail-cf-8.12.11-4.6.i386.rpm
setarch-1.4-1.i386.rpm
setserial-2.17-15.i386.rpm
setup-2.5.33-1.noarch.rpm
setuptool-1.15-1.i386.rpm
sgml-common-0.6.3-16.noarch.rpm
shadow-utils-4.0.3-21.i386.rpm
shapecfg-2.2.12-15.i386.rpm
shared-mime-info-0.14-1.i386.rpm
sharutils-4.2.1-18.i386.rpm
slang-1.4.9-3.1.i386.rpm
slang-devel-1.4.9-3.1.i386.rpm
slocate-2.7-9.i386.rpm
smb4k-0.3.1-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
snort-2.1.2-2.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
snort-mysql-2.1.2-2.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
snort-rep-1.10-2.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
snortalog-2.2.1-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
sound-juicer-0.5.11-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
sox-12.17.4-4.fc2.i386.rpm
spamassassin-2.63-8.i386.rpm
specspo-9.0.92-1.1.noarch.rpm
speex-1.0.3-2.1.i386.rpm
splint-3.1.1-3.i386.rpm
squid-2.5.STABLE5-4.fc2.i386.rpm
squirrelmail-1.4.3-1.noarch.rpm
star-1.5a25-5.i386.rpm
startup-notification-0.6-2.i386.rpm
statserial-1.1-34.i386.rpm
strace-4.5.5-1.i386.rpm
stunnel-4.05-1.i386.rpm
sudo-1.6.7p5-26.i386.rpm
swig-1.3.19-6.1.i386.rpm
switchdesk-4.0.3-1.noarch.rpm
symlinks-1.2-21.i386.rpm
synaptic-0.52-1.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
sysklogd-1.4.1-16.i386.rpm
syslinux-2.09-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
system-config-bind-2.0.2-5.noarch.rpm
system-config-boot-0.2.5-1.i386.rpm
system-config-date-1.7.3.1-0.fc2.1.noarch.rpm
system-config-display-1.0.14-1.noarch.rpm
system-config-httpd-1.2.0-3.noarch.rpm
system-config-keyboard-1.2.1-2.noarch.rpm
system-config-kickstart-2.5.11-1.noarch.rpm
system-config-language-1.1.5-2.noarch.rpm
system-config-mouse-1.2.6-2.noarch.rpm
system-config-network-1.3.17-0.FC2.1.noarch.rpm
system-config-network-tui-1.3.17-0.FC2.1.noarch.rpm
system-config-nfs-1.2.3-2.noarch.rpm
system-config-packages-1.2.12-1.noarch.rpm
system-config-printer-0.6.98-1.i386.rpm
system-config-printer-gui-0.6.98-1.i386.rpm
system-config-rootpassword-1.1.3-2.noarch.rpm
system-config-samba-1.2.9-2.noarch.rpm
system-config-securitylevel-1.3.12-1.i386.rpm
system-config-securitylevel-tui-1.3.12-1.i386.rpm
system-config-services-0.8.8-8.noarch.rpm
system-config-soundcard-1.2.8-1.noarch.rpm
system-config-users-1.2.13-1.noarch.rpm
system-logviewer-0.9.7-1.noarch.rpm
talk-0.17-23.i386.rpm
tar-1.13.25-14.i386.rpm
tcp_wrappers-7.6-36.i386.rpm
tcpdump-3.8.2-3.i386.rpm
tcpflow-0.21-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
tcptrack-1.1.1-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
tcsh-6.12-8.i386.rpm
telnet-0.17-28.i386.rpm
termcap-11.0.1-18.1.noarch.rpm
texinfo-4.7-4.i386.rpm
time-1.7-24.i386.rpm
tmpwatch-2.9.0-2.1.i386.rpm
tora-1.3.13-2.1.i386.rpm
traceroute-1.4a12-21.1.i386.rpm
tsclient-0.132-2.2.i386.rpm
ttfprint-0.9-12.i386.rpm

ttmkfdir-3.0.9-11.i386.rpm
ttywatch-0.13-1.1.fc2.dag.i386.rpm
tux-3.2.18-1.i386.rpm
tzdata-2004b-1.fc2.noarch.rpm
umb-scheme-3.2-32.i386.rpm
units-1.80-9.i386.rpm
unix2dos-2.2-21.i386.rpm
unixODBC-2.2.8-5.i386.rpm
unzip-5.50-37.i386.rpm
up2date-4.3.19-1.i386.rpm
up2date-gnome-4.3.19-1.i386.rpm
urw-fonts-2.1-7.noarch.rpm
usbutils-0.11-4.i386.rpm
usermode-1.70-2.i386.rpm
usermode-gtk-1.70-2.i386.rpm
utempter-0.5.5-4.i386.rpm
util-linux-2.12-18.i386.rpm
vconfig-1.8-2.i386.rpm
vim-X11-6.2.457-1.i386.rpm
vim-common-6.2.457-1.i386.rpm
vim-enhanced-6.2.457-1.i386.rpm
vim-minimal-6.2.457-1.i386.rpm
vixie-cron-3.0.1-87.i386.rpm
vnc-4.0-1.beta4.11.i386.rpm
vnc-server-4.0-1.beta4.11.i386.rpm
vorbis-tools-1.0.1-2.i386.rpm
vsftpd-1.2.1-5.i386.rpm
vte-0.11.10-5.1.i386.rpm
webalizer-2.01_10-22.i386.rpm
webmin-1.140-1.1.fc2.dag.noarch.rpm
wget-1.9.1-5.i386.rpm
which-2.16-2.i386.rpm
wireless-tools-26-4.i386.rpm
words-2-22.noarch.rpm
wvdial-1.53-13.i386.rpm
xalan-j-2.4.1-14.i386.rpm
xdelta-1.1.3-13.1.i386.rpm
xerces-j-2.2.1-16.i386.rpm
xine-0.99.2-1.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
xine-lib-1.0.0-0.14.rc5.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
xinetd-2.3.13-2.i386.rpm
xinitrc-3.42-1.noarch.rpm
xloadimage-4.1-30.i386.rpm
xml-common-0.6.3-16.noarch.rpm
xmms-1.2.10-2.2.p.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
xmms-skins-1.2.10-2.2.p.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-100dpi-fonts-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-75dpi-fonts-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm

xorg-x11-Mesa-libGL-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-Mesa-libGLU-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-base-fonts-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-devel-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-font-utils-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-libs-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-libs-data-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-tools-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-twm-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-xauth-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-xdm-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xorg-x11-xfs-6.7.0-5.i386.rpm
xpdf-3.00-3.i386.rpm
xsane-0.92-10.i386.rpm
xsane-gimp-0.92-10.i386.rpm
xscreensaver-4.14-5.i386.rpm
xsri-2.1.0-7.i386.rpm
xterm-179-6.EL.i386.rpm
xvidcore-1.0.1-1.1.fc2.fr.i386.rpm
yelp-2.6.0-1.i386.rpm
yp-tools-2.8-3.i386.rpm
ypbind-1.17.2-1.i386.rpm
yum-2.0.7-3.1.fc.fr.noarch.rpm
zip-2.3-22.i386.rpm
zlib-1.2.1.1-2.1.i386.rpm
zlib-devel-1.2.1.1-2.1.i386.rpm

[root@vagante /]# cat /var/log/yum.log
05/24/04 19:30:55 Dep Installed: id3lib 3.8.3-6.1.fc2.dag.i386
05/24/04 19:30:55 Updated: sound-juicer 0.5.11-1.1.fc2.dag.i386
05/24/04 19:30:55 Updated: kdelibs 6:3.2.2-6.i386
05/24/04 19:30:55 Updated: nfs-utils 1.0.6-22.i386
05/24/04 19:30:55 Updated: lftp 3.0.3-1.1.fc2.dag.i386
05/24/04 19:30:55 Updated: gaim 1:0.77-7.i386
05/24/04 19:30:55 Updated: libgnome 2.6.0-3.i386
05/24/04 19:30:55 Updated: dia 1:0.93-1.1.fc2.dag.i386
05/24/04 19:30:55 Updated: cvs 1.11.15-6.i386
05/24/04 19:30:55 Updated: grip 1:3.2.0-1.1.fc2.dag.i386
05/24/04 19:30:55 Updated: syslinux 2.09-1.1.fc2.dag.i386
05/28/04 10:54:12 Updated: php-mysql 4.3.6-5.i386
05/28/04 10:54:12 Updated: php-pear 4.3.6-5.i386
05/28/04 10:54:12 Updated: php 4.3.6-5.i386
05/28/04 10:54:12 Updated: hwdata 0.120-1.noarch
05/28/04 10:54:12 Updated: php-ldap 4.3.6-5.i386
05/28/04 10:54:12 Updated: rsync 2.6.2-1.i386
05/28/04 14:53:38 Installed: firefox 0.8-2.1.fc2.dag.i386
05/29/04 15:30:52 Installed: dhcp 1:3.0.1rc12-4.i386
05/29/04 16:49:18 Installed: apt 0.5.15cnc6-1.1.fc2.fr.i386
05/30/04 09:54:36 Installed: webmin 1.140-1.1.fc2.dag.noarch
05/30/04 09:54:36 Dep Installed: perl-Mon 0.11-1.1.fc2.dag.noarch
05/30/04 09:54:36 Dep Installed: perl-Convert-BER 1.31.01-1.1.fc2.dag.noarch
05/30/04 09:54:36 Dep Installed: perl-Net-SSLeay 1.23-0.1.fc2.dag.i386
05/30/04 10:55:29 Updated: yum 2.0.7-2.fc.fr.noarch
05/30/04 12:14:12 Updated: memtest86+ 1.11-2.i386
05/30/04 12:14:12 Updated: xmms 1:1.2.10-2.2.p.1.fc2.fr.i386
05/30/04 12:14:12 Updated: rhythmbox 0.8.4-1.1.fc2.fr.i386
05/30/04 12:14:12 Updated: grip 1:3.2.0-2.1.fc2.fr.i386
05/30/04 12:14:12 Updated: xmms-skins 1:1.2.10-2.2.p.1.fc2.fr.i386
05/30/04 12:14:12 Updated: gthumb 2.3.3-1.1.fc2.fr.i386
05/30/04 12:14:12 Updated: id3lib 3.8.3-6.1.fc2.fr.i386
05/31/04 11:00:23 Installed: smb4k 0.3.1-1.1.fc2.dag.i386
06/03/04 21:11:21 Installed: clamav 0.71-1.1.fc2.dag.i386
06/03/04 21:11:21 Dep Installed: clamav-db 0.71-1.1.fc2.dag.i386
06/03/04 21:12:38 Installed: clamav-milter 0.71-1.1.fc2.dag.i386
06/03/04 21:12:38 Dep Installed: clamd 0.71-1.1.fc2.dag.i386
06/07/04 17:19:24 Updated: net-tools 1.60-25.1.i386
06/07/04 17:19:24 Updated: cups-libs 1:1.1.20-11.1.i386
06/07/04 17:19:24 Updated: krb5-devel 1.3.3-7.i386
06/07/04 17:19:24 Updated: strace 4.5.4-1.i386
06/07/04 17:19:24 Updated: ethereal 0.10.3-2.1.i386
06/07/04 17:19:24 Updated: cups 1:1.1.20-11.1.i386
06/07/04 17:19:24 Updated: ethereal-gnome 0.10.3-2.1.i386
06/07/04 17:19:24 Updated: xinitrc 3.41-1.noarch
06/07/04 17:19:24 Updated: krb5-libs 1.3.3-7.i386
06/07/04 17:24:11 Installed: xine 0.99.1-1.1.fc2.fr.i386
06/07/04 17:24:11 Dep Installed: xine-lib 1.0.0-0.13.rc4a.1.fc2.fr.i386
06/07/04 17:24:11 Dep Installed: freeglut 2.2.0-11.i386
06/08/04 10:29:06 Installed: gkrellm 2.2.0-2.1.fc2.fr.i386
06/10/04 18:22:19 Installed: arpwatch 14:2.1a13-1.i386
06/12/04 15:31:03 Installed: kismet 3.0.1-1.200404r1.1.fc2.dag.i386
06/12/04 15:32:38 Installed: airsnort 0.2.4-0.a.1.fc2.dag.i386
07/08/04 12:30:19 Updated: bochs 2.1.1-1.1.fc2.dag.i386
07/12/04 10:36:22 Updated: gaim 1:0.79-0.FC2.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Dep Installed: php-mbstring 4.3.8-2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Dep Installed: libselinux-devel 1.11.4-1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-xauth 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: ORBit2 2.10.0-4.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-tools 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: initscripts 7.55.1-1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: squirrelmail 1.4.3-1.noarch
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: system-config-network-tui 1.3.17-0.FC2.1.noarch
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: libpng10 1.0.15-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: finger 0.17-24.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: cdda2wav 8:2.01-0.a27.4.FC2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: ethereal 0.10.5-0.2.2.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: system-config-network 1.3.17-0.FC2.1.noarch
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: ftp 0.17-21.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: gnome-session 2.6.0-4.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: cdrecord 8:2.01-0.a27.4.FC2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: mod_python 3.1.3-1.fc2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: texinfo 4.7-4.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-devel 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: libwnck 2.6.0.1-3.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: ppp 2.4.2-3.FC2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: GConf2 2.6.0-7.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: gnome-applets 1:2.6.2.1-1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: iiimf-protocol-lib 1:11.4-46.1.svn1587.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-xfs 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: php 4.3.8-2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: gstreamer 0.8.3-2.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: httpd-manual 2.0.50-2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: fam 2.6.10-9.FC2.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-100dpi-fonts 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: dhcp 2:3.0.1rc14-1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-libs 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: php-mysql 4.3.8-2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: gaim 1:0.80-1.FC2.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: gimp 1:2.0.2-1.fc2.2.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: bison 1.875c-1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: iiimf-client-lib 1:11.4-46.1.svn1587.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-75dpi-fonts 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-base-fonts 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-xdm 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: cvs 1.11.17-2.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: ethereal-gnome 0.10.5-0.2.2.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: mailman 3:2.1.5-7.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: info 4.7-4.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xinitrc 3.42-1.noarch
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: dovecot 0.99.10.5-0.FC2.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-twm 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: fam-devel 2.6.10-9.FC2.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: php-pear 4.3.8-2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: strace 4.5.5-1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: openmotif 2.2.3-4.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: php-ldap 4.3.8-2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-font-utils 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: iiimf-protocol-lib-devel 1:11.4-46.1.svn1587.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: httpd 2.0.50-2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: iiimf-client-lib-devel 1:11.4-46.1.svn1587.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: dhclient 2:3.0.1rc14-1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: libpng 2:1.2.5-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-Mesa-libGL 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-Mesa-libGLU 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: mod_ssl 1:2.0.50-2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: squid 7:2.5.STABLE5-4.fc2.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: gstreamer-plugins 0.8.2-2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: k3b 0.11.12-1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: mkisofs 8:2.01-0.a27.4.FC2.1.i386
07/28/04 09:54:06 Updated: xorg-x11-libs-data 6.7.0-5.i386
07/28/04 10:19:23 Installed: sharutils 4.2.1-18.i386
07/28/04 10:20:18 Installed: gtk+-devel 1:1.2.10-29.1.1.i386
07/28/04 10:20:18 Dep Installed: glib-devel 1:1.2.10-12.1.1.i386
07/28/04 11:25:34 Updated: yum 2.0.7-3.1.fc.fr.noarch
07/28/04 11:43:41 Updated: xvidcore 1.0.1-1.1.fc2.fr.i386
07/28/04 11:43:41 Updated: a52dec 0.7.4-7.1.fc2.fr.i386
07/28/04 11:43:41 Updated: gthumb 2.4.1-1.1.fc2.fr.i386
07/28/04 11:43:41 Updated: mplayer 1.0-0.11.pre5.1.fc2.fr.i386
07/28/04 11:43:41 Updated: gkrellm 2.2.2-1.1.fc2.fr.i386
07/28/04 11:43:41 Updated: xine-lib 1.0.0-0.14.rc5.1.fc2.fr.i386
07/28/04 11:43:41 Updated: libquicktime 0.9.3-1.1.fc2.fr.i586
07/28/04 11:43:41 Updated: xine 0.99.2-1.1.fc2.fr.i386
07/28/04 11:43:41 Updated: rhythmbox 0.8.5-0.1.fc2.fr.i386
07/28/04 11:43:41 Updated: libpostproc 1.0-0.11.pre5.1.fc2.fr.i386
07/28/04 11:43:41 Updated: synaptic 0.52-1.1.fc2.fr.i386
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: mozilla-dom-inspector 37:1.7.2-0.2.0.i386
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: libpng10 1.0.15-8.i386
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: system-config-date 1.7.3.1-0.fc2.1.noarch
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: sox 12.17.4-4.fc2.i386
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: libbonobo 2.6.2-1.i386
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: mozilla-nspr 37:1.7.2-0.2.0.i386
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: gaim 1:0.81-0.FC2.i386
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: epiphany 1.2.7-0.2.0.i386
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: gimp 1:2.0.4-0.fc2.1.i386
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: mozilla-mail 37:1.7.2-0.2.0.i386
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: mozilla-nss 37:1.7.2-0.2.0.i386
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: mozilla 37:1.7.2-0.2.0.i386
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: tzdata 2004b-1.fc2.noarch
08/13/04 10:39:25 Updated: libpng 2:1.2.5-8.i386
09/06/04 12:48:44 Dep Installed: libjpeg-devel 6b-31.1.i386
09/06/04 12:48:44 Dep Installed: libpng-devel 2:1.2.5-8.i386
09/06/04 12:48:44 Dep Installed: libmng-devel 1.0.4-5.1.i386
09/06/04 12:48:44 Updated: samba-client 3.0.6-2.fc2.i386
09/06/04 12:48:44 Updated: samba-common 3.0.6-2.fc2.i386
09/06/04 12:48:44 Updated: krb5-devel 1.3.4-6.i386
09/06/04 12:48:44 Updated: gaim 1:0.82-0.FC2.i386
09/06/04 12:48:44 Updated: samba 3.0.6-2.fc2.i386
09/06/04 12:48:44 Updated: qt-devel 1:3.3.3-0.1.i386
09/06/04 12:48:44 Updated: mc 1:4.6.0-17.fc2.i386
09/06/04 12:48:44 Updated: qt 1:3.3.3-0.1.i386
09/06/04 12:48:44 Updated: krb5-libs 1.3.4-6.i386
09/06/04 12:48:44 Updated: rsync 2.6.2-1.fc2.0.i386

Mandrake - Packages logs

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-07 10:11:48 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-07 10:11:48
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

As Red Hat, Mandrake uses RPM for software management, a log of all the installed packages is in /var/log/rpmpkgs. Software update is managed via the urpmi utility, which keeps track of its activities in /var/log/urpmi.log.

[root@vagante2 /]# cat /var/log/rpmpkgs
FlashPlayer-6.0-7mdk.i586.rpm
GConf-1.0.9-15mdk.i586.rpm
GConf2-2.4.0.1-3mdk.i586.rpm
Guppi-0.40.3-7mdk.i586.rpm
ImageMagick-5.5.7.15-6mdk.i586.rpm
LinNeighborhood-0.6.5-5mdk.i586.rpm
MySQL-4.0.18-1mdk.i586.rpm
MySQL-client-4.0.18-1mdk.i586.rpm
MySQL-common-4.0.18-1mdk.i586.rpm
NVIDIA_GLX-5336-6mdk.i586.rpm
NVIDIA_kernel-2.6.3.7mdk-5336-6mdk.i586.rpm
NVIDIA_kernel-smp-2.6.3.7mdk-5336-6mdk.i586.rpm
ORBit-0.5.17-7mdk.i586.rpm
ORBit2-2.8.3-1mdk.i586.rpm
OpenIPMI-1.2.7-4mdk.i586.rpm
OpenOffice.org-1.1-11mdk.i586.rpm
OpenOffice.org-help-en-1.1-11mdk.i586.rpm
OpenOffice.org-l10n-en-1.1-11mdk.i586.rpm
OpenOffice.org-libs-1.1-11mdk.i586.rpm
OpenSP-1.5-6mdk.i586.rpm
RealPlayer-8.0-9mdk.i586.rpm
RealPlayer-rpnp-8.0-9mdk.i586.rpm
SysVinit-2.85-2mdk.i586.rpm
XFree86-4.3-30mdk.i586.rpm
XFree86-75dpi-fonts-4.3-30mdk.i586.rpm
XFree86-server-4.3-30mdk.i586.rpm
XFree86-xfs-4.3-30mdk.i586.rpm
Xdialog-2.1.1-1mdk.i586.rpm
a2ps-4.13b-4mdk.i586.rpm
acroread-5.0.8-3.100mdk.i586.rpm
acroread-nppdf-5.0.8-3.100mdk.i586.rpm
alsa-utils-1.0.2-2mdk.i586.rpm
apache-conf-2.0.48-2mdk.i586.rpm
apache2-2.0.48-6mdk.i586.rpm
apache2-common-2.0.48-6mdk.i586.rpm
apache2-manual-2.0.48-6mdk.i586.rpm
apache2-mod_cache-2.0.48-6mdk.i586.rpm
apache2-mod_disk_cache-2.0.48-6mdk.i586.rpm
apache2-mod_perl-2.0.48_1.99_11-3mdk.i586.rpm
apache2-mod_php-2.0.48_4.3.4-1mdk.i586.rpm
apache2-mod_proxy-2.0.48-6mdk.i586.rpm
apache2-mod_ssl-2.0.48-6mdk.i586.rpm
apache2-mod_suexec-2.0.48-1mdk.i586.rpm
apache2-modules-2.0.48-6mdk.i586.rpm
arpwatch-2.1a11-3mdk.i586.rpm
arts-1.2-3mdk.i586.rpm
aspell-0.50.4.1-1mdk.i586.rpm
aspell-en-0.51.0-1mdk.i586.rpm
at-3.1.8-9mdk.i586.rpm
audacity-1.2.0-1mdk.i586.rpm
autoconf-2.13-19mdk.noarch.rpm
automake-1.4-23.p6.mdk.noarch.rpm
basesystem-10.0-0.2mdk.i586.rpm
bash-2.05b-16mdk.i586.rpm
bash-completion-20040101-2mdk.noarch.rpm
bdflush-1.5-24mdk.i586.rpm
bind-9.2.3-6mdk.i586.rpm
bind-utils-9.2.3-6mdk.i586.rpm
binutils-2.14.90.0.7-2mdk.i586.rpm
bison-1.875-4mdk.i586.rpm
bluefish-0.12-3mdk.i586.rpm
bootloader-utils-1.6-7mdk.i586.rpm
bootsplash-2.1.5-1mdk.i586.rpm
bzip2-1.0.2-17mdk.i586.rpm
cdialog-0.9b-4mdk.i586.rpm
cdrdao-1.1.8-2mdk.i586.rpm
cdrecord-2.01-0.a27.2mdk.i586.rpm
chkconfig-1.3.8-5mdk.i586.rpm
chkfontpath-1.9.10-1mdk.i586.rpm
common-licenses-1.0-7mdk.noarch.rpm
console-tools-0.2.3-46mdk.i586.rpm
coreutils-5.1.2-1mdk.i586.rpm
coreutils-doc-5.1.2-1mdk.i586.rpm
cpio-2.5-4mdk.i586.rpm
crack-attack-1.1.10-6mdk.i586.rpm
crack-attack-music-1-2mdk.noarch.rpm
crack-attack-sounds-1-2mdk.noarch.rpm
cracklib-dicts-2.7-17mdk.i586.rpm
crontabs-1.10-3mdk.noarch.rpm
ctags-5.5.2-1mdk.i586.rpm
cups-1.1.20-5mdk.i586.rpm
cups-common-1.1.20-5mdk.i586.rpm
curl-7.11.0-2mdk.i586.rpm
cvs-1.11.11-1mdk.i586.rpm
db1-1.85-10mdk.i586.rpm
devfsd-1.3.25-37mdk.i586.rpm
dhcp-client-3.0-1.rc13.4mdk.i586.rpm
dhcp-common-3.0-1.rc13.4mdk.i586.rpm
dhcp-server-3.0-1.rc13.4mdk.i586.rpm
dia-0.92.2-2mdk.i586.rpm
diffutils-2.8.4-4mdk.i586.rpm
dmidecode-2.3-2mdk.i586.rpm
docbook-dtd412-xml-1.0-15mdk.noarch.rpm
docbook-style-dsssl-1.78-5mdk.noarch.rpm
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strace-4.5.1-1mdk.i586.rpm
sudo-1.6.7-0.p5.2mdk.i586.rpm
symlinks-1.2-15mdk.i586.rpm
sysfsutils-0.4.0-1mdk.i586.rpm
sysklogd-1.4.1-5mdk.i586.rpm
syslinux-1.76-11mdk.i586.rpm
t1utils-1.30-1mdk.i586.rpm
tar-1.13.25-11mdk.i586.rpm
tcl-8.4.5-3mdk.i586.rpm
tcp_wrappers-7.6-23mdk.i586.rpm
tcpdump-3.8.1-1mdk.i586.rpm
tcsh-6.12-6mdk.i586.rpm
telnet-client-krb5-1.3-6mdk.i586.rpm
termcap-11.0.1-8mdk.i586.rpm
tetex-2.0.2-14mdk.i586.rpm
tetex-context-2.0.2-14mdk.i586.rpm
tetex-dvips-2.0.2-14mdk.i586.rpm
tetex-latex-2.0.2-14mdk.i586.rpm
texinfo-4.6-1mdk.i586.rpm
tftp-0.34-1mdk.i586.rpm
tightvnc-1.2.9-2mdk.i586.rpm
tightvnc-server-1.2.9-2mdk.i586.rpm
time-1.7-25mdk.i586.rpm
timezone-2.3.3-10mdk.i586.rpm
tk-8.4.5-3mdk.i586.rpm
tkinter-2.3.3-2mdk.i586.rpm
tmpwatch-2.9.0-1mdk.i586.rpm
totem-0.99.9-4mdk.i586.rpm
traceroute-1.4a12-4mdk.i586.rpm
tuxracer-0.61-15mdk.i586.rpm
umb-scheme-3.2-20mdk.i586.rpm
unzip-5.50-9mdk.i586.rpm
urpmi-4.4.5-10mdk.noarch.rpm
urw-fonts-2.0-11mdk.noarch.rpm
usbutils-0.11-5mdk.i586.rpm
usbview-1.0-9mdk.i586.rpm
userdrake-0.92-30mdk.i586.rpm
usermode-1.63-10mdk.i586.rpm
usermode-consoleonly-1.63-10mdk.i586.rpm
utempter-0.5.2-12mdk.i586.rpm
util-linux-2.12-2mdk.i586.rpm
vim-common-6.2-14mdk.i586.rpm
vim-enhanced-6.2-14mdk.i586.rpm
vim-minimal-6.2-14mdk.i586.rpm
vixie-cron-3.0.1-56mdk.i586.rpm
vorbis-tools-1.0.1-3mdk.i586.rpm
vte-0.11.10-5mdk.i586.rpm
webmin-1.140-1.noarch.rpm
wget-1.9.1-4mdk.i586.rpm
which-2.16-1mdk.i586.rpm
words-2-20mdk.noarch.rpm
xchat-2.0.7-6mdk.i586.rpm
xclass-icons-0.6.3-11mdk.i586.rpm
xine-arts-1-0.rc3.6mdk.i586.rpm
xine-plugins-1-0.rc3.6mdk.i586.rpm
xinetd-2.3.13-1mdk.i586.rpm
xinitrc-2.4.8-1mdk.noarch.rpm
xmms-1.2.9-4mdk.i586.rpm
xmms-alsa-1.2.9-4mdk.i586.rpm
xmms-arts-0.7.1-1mdk.i586.rpm
xmms-esd-1.2.9-4mdk.i586.rpm
xmms-mesa-1.2.9-4mdk.i586.rpm
xmms-mikmod-1.2.9-4mdk.i586.rpm
xojpanel-0.91-4mdk.i586.rpm
xpp-1.1-11mdk.i586.rpm
yelp-2.4.2-4mdk.i586.rpm
zcip-4-3mdk.i586.rpm
zip-2.3-10mdk.i586.rpm
zlib1-1.2.1-2mdk.i586.rpm
zlib1-devel-1.2.1-2mdk.i586.rpm

[root@vagante /]# cat /log/urpmi.log
Wed Apr 28 12:23:01 2004 urpmi called with --allow-medium-change --auto --best-output --no-verify-rpm tmdns
Wed Apr 28 12:24:25 2004 /mnt/cdrom/Mandrake/RPMS/tmdns-0.1-12mdk.i586.rpm
Preparing...                ##################################################
   1:tmdns                  ##################################################
Wed Apr 28 12:24:28 2004 urpmi called with --allow-medium-change --auto --best-output --no-verify-rpm zcip
Wed Apr 28 12:24:29 2004 /mnt/cdrom/Mandrake/RPMS/zcip-4-3mdk.i586.rpm
Preparing...                ##################################################
   1:zcip                   ##################################################
Tue May 11 10:39:29 2004 urpmi called with --allow-medium-change --auto --best-output --no-verify-rpm cups net-tools xpp cups-drivers webfetch
Tue May 11 12:29:28 2004 urpmi called with --allow-medium-change --auto --best-output --no-verify-rpm cups net-tools xpp cups-drivers webfetch
Fri May 14 19:37:20 2004 urpmi called with --allow-medium-change --auto --best-output --no-verify-rpm cups net-tools xpp cups-drivers webfetch


Linux Network configuration

Configuration of networking and security on different Linux distro

Networking in Linux

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-08 00:04:48 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-08 00:04:48
Tipo Infobox: DESCRIPTION - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

The basic commands used in Linux are common to every distro:
ifconfig - Configures and displays the IP parameters of a network interface
route - Used to set static routes and view the routing table
hostname - Necessary for viewing and setting the hostname of the system
netstat - Flexible command for viewing information about network statistics, current connections, listeing ports
arp - Shows and manages the arp table
mii-tool - Used to set the interface parameters at data link layer (half/full duplex, interface speed, autonegotiation...)

Many distro are now including the iproute2 tools with enhanced routing and networking tools:
ip - Multi purpose command for viewing and setting TCP/IP parameters and routes.
tc Traffic control command, used  for classifying, prioritizing, sharing, and limiting both inbound and outbound traffic.

Every distro has its own configuration tool that operate on variously defined configuration files. Some of them are common: /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /etc/hosts, /etc/services, /etc/protocols

Some, typically the ones where are defined IP addresses and routes, change. Here are some relevant files for various distro, their syntax may vary according the scripts used to handle them:

Debian
/etc/network/interfaces - Interfaces and network parameters     

RedHat Graphical interface: redhat-config-network
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* - Configuration files for each interface. The same file can be found, divided per profile, in /etc/sysconfig/networking/devices/*
/etc/sysconfig/network - Hostname, default gateway, general configuration
/etc/sysconfig/static-routes - Static routes (if any)     

SlackWare Graphical interface: Netconfig
/etc/rc.d/rc.inet1 - IP and network parameters
/etc/rc.d/rc.inet2 - Network Services configuration     

Mandrake Graphical interface: Drakconnect
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* - Configuration files for each interface. The same file can be found, divided per profile, in /etc/sysconfig/networking/devices/*
/etc/sysconfig/network - Hostname, default gateway, general configuration
/etc/sysconfig/static-routes - Static routes (if any)     

Gentoo
/etc/conf.d/net - Ip network and interfaces parameters
/etc/conf.d/routes - Static routes     

SUSE Graphical interface: Yest2
/etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-* - Configuration files for each interface.
/etc/sysconfig/network/config - General network configuration.

Fedora - Network configuration

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2009-04-21 16:14:28 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-10 19:22:36
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Network configuration on Fedora is quite similar to the one for other versions of RedHat Linux, besides the standard files, the main configuration is done on /etc/sysconfig/network where is defined the hostname and can be placed the default gateway and in the files of the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ directory.

The TCP/IP network setup is done with the script /etc/init.d/network, with obviously must be started before other network services on a connected machine.
The official graphical configuration tool is system-config-network (Menu System Settings - Network), from here is possible to define the IP parameters for all the interfaces found on the system (tab Devices, modifies the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-interface and /etc/sysconfig/networking/devices/ifcfg-interface files), the IP of the DNS servers (tab DNS, modifies /etc/resolv.conf), the static host IP assignement (tab Hosts, modifies /etc/hosts).
Fedora supports also user's profiles, with differnet network settings. The Network Configuration tools easily let the user define a profile and its parameters, the relevant system files are placed in the directory /etc/sysconfig/networking/profiles/profilename/. Currently Fedora does not allow the definition of a profile at boot time, when the machine is started the default "Common" profile is used, to switch to a custom one either launch system-config-network graphical tool and select your profile or type system-config-network-cmd -p profilename --activate.
RedHat provides other network configuration tools:
netconfig is an old text configuration tool, which is obsolete and may be used to a fast configuration;
system-config-network-tui is the text version of the graphical Network Configuration Tool.
system-config-network-druid (Menu System tools - Internet configuration wizard) is a guided wizard which helps an easy configuration of Ethernet, modem, ISDN, DSL, wireless configuration.

Firewall configuration
Red Hat stores the firewall configuration in the /etc/sysconfig/iptables file which is formatted in order to be used by the iptables-restore command. Firewalling is managed with the /etc/init.d/iptables script which can be followed by arguments like start to activate firewalling, stop to disable it, panic to shutdown any Internet access, status to view the current iptables rules.
A simple and not extremely flexible configuration tool is system-config-firewall, which is adeguate for a desktop machine but surely not for a router/firewall.

Suse 9: Network configuration

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-01-14 19:59:31 - Data di creazione: 2004-01-14 19:59:31
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Network configuration on Suse has substantially evolved since version 8.0 and resembles the one found in various other Linux distributions.
As usual Yast2 can be used to fully configure network devices nad TCP/IP settings and since we presume you already know how to do it with a graphical interface, let's see, more deeply the involved files.

Configuration files
/etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-*
These are the systems's configuration files for every network interface where "*" can be the name of the inteface (eth0, eth1, lo, ppp0...), its MAC address (ex: 00c09f2dc8a4) or indicate what hardware is used (usb, pcmcia).
The main parameters used in these files are:
BOOTPROTO - Can be static (IP configured manually), dhcp (IP oubtained through DHCP)
IPADDR BROADCAST NETMASK NETWORK - Define typical IP parameters: IP address, broadcast, netmask and network address
MTU - Defines the Maximum Transfer Unit (the size of every IP packet). Default on ethernet devices is 1500.
STARTMODE - Indicates the to activate the interface: onboot (at system's boot), hotplug (when a pluggable network device is inserted), manual (manually).
Other parameters can be used and can vary according to the interface type.

/etc/sysconfig/network/config
Contains various, well commented, variables that are applied to every interface, they include also what actions can be done when the interface status is changed. The same values can be specified in the single /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-* files, for a more granular control on the single interfaces.
/etc/sysconfig/network/dhcp, similarly, sets parameters related to dhcp use (logging, lease time, timouts, modification of system's settings, wait time at boot and so on).
/etc/sysconfig/network/wireless sets and describes the various parameters that can be applied to wireless devices (wieless mode, essid, frequency, sensibility, encryption key...). As usual they can be used in the ifcfg files of the single wireless devices, but it's useful to know the options than can be used.

/etc/sysconfig/network/routes
Defines all the (general) static routes. It's possible to specify routes exclusively related to the activation of single interfaces with the files /etc/sysconfig/network/ifroute-interface.
The format of this file is:
DESTINATION  GATEWAY  NETMASK|PREFIX INTERFACE [TYPE] [OPTIONS]


/etc/resolv.conf
Defines, as in most Unixes, the address of the DNS server to be used by the system.
Some services (pppd, ipppd, dhcpclient, hotplug, pcmcia, pptpclient) can temporarily modify this file in order to use, according to the new connection established, the appropriate DNS server. This is done by Suse's nice shell script /sbin/modify_resolvconf which has various options to handle and manage different dynamic entries in /etc/resolv.conf and /etc/named.conf.

/etc/hosts
As in most Unixes, in this file you can statically assign IP addresses to host names. You can also use /etc/networks for IP networks. The resolver by default first checks this file, before querying the DNS servers in /etc/resolv.conf. This order and other settings about how the system assigns names to resources can be changed (as in every Linux) in /etc/host.conf (old configuration file used by libc4 and libc5 linked programs) or /etc/nsswitch.conf (used by every recent program linked with glibc libraries).

/etc/HOSTNAME
Contains the hostname of the system, used by various startup scripts.

Commands
SuSE features typical Linux network related commands as ifconfig route netstat ip and other commands which can be found in various distros such as ifup (can be invoked also by the symlinks ifstatus or ifdown giving status info on the specified interface or shutting it down) .
Similarly to RedHat's service command, SuSE provides a set of scripts, or better symlinks, to manage to init scripts for the various services:
/sbin/rcnetwork restart restarts the network services as would do the command /etc/init.d/network restart.

Suse 9: Firewalling

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-01-14 23:17:08 - Data di creazione: 2004-01-14 23:17:08
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Suse 9's firewall management is in the hands of the SuSEfirewall2 package and (obviously) based on iptables. The package provides a main script /sbin/SuSEfirewall2 and various initialization and configuration scripts that  present a user friendly logic that hides the raw syntax of the iptables command.
The configuration can be done with YaST2 graphical interface or editing directly the main configuration file /etc/sysconfig/SuSEfirewall2.

The questions asked in YaST2 have their equivalent in the variables configured in this file, which define various (well commented) parameters function-oriented such as:
FW_QUICKMODE="no"
FW_DEV_EXT="eth1"
FW_DEV_INT="eth0"
FW_DEV_DMZ=""
FW_ROUTE="yes"
FW_MASQUERADE="yes"
FW_MASQ_DEV="$FW_DEV_EXT"
FW_MASQ_NETS="0/0"
FW_PROTECT_FROM_INTERNAL="no"
FW_AUTOPROTECT_SERVICES="no"
# FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP="www"
# FW_SERVICES_DMZ_UDP="syslog"
FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP="http ssh telnet"
FW_SERVICES_EXT_UDP=""
FW_SERVICES_EXT_IP=""
FW_SERVICES_DMZ_TCP=""
FW_SERVICES_DMZ_UDP=""
FW_SERVICES_DMZ_IP=""
FW_SERVICES_INT_TCP=""
FW_SERVICES_INT_UDP=""
FW_SERVICES_INT_IP=""
# FW_SERVICES_QUICK_TCP="ssh"
# FW_SERVICES_QUICK_UDP="isakmp"
# FW_SERVICES_QUICK_IP="50"
FW_SERVICES_QUICK_TCP=""
FW_SERVICES_QUICK_UDP=""
FW_SERVICES_QUICK_IP=""
FW_TRUSTED_NETS=""
FW_ALLOW_INCOMING_HIGHPORTS_TCP="no"
FW_ALLOW_INCOMING_HIGHPORTS_UDP="DNS"
FW_SERVICE_AUTODETECT="yes"
FW_SERVICE_DNS="no"
FW_SERVICE_DHCLIENT="no"
FW_SERVICE_DHCPD="no"
FW_SERVICE_SQUID="no"
FW_SERVICE_SAMBA="no"
FW_FORWARD=""
FW_FORWARD_MASQ=""
FW_REDIRECT=""
FW_LOG_DROP_CRIT="yes"
FW_LOG_DROP_ALL="yes"
FW_LOG_ACCEPT_CRIT="yes"
FW_LOG_ACCEPT_ALL="no"
FW_LOG="--log-level warning --log-tcp-options --log-ip-option --log-prefix SuSE-FW"
FW_KERNEL_SECURITY="yes"
FW_STOP_KEEP_ROUTING_STATE="no"
FW_ALLOW_PING_FW="yes"
FW_ALLOW_PING_DMZ="no"
FW_ALLOW_PING_EXT="no"
FW_ALLOW_FW_TRACEROUTE="yes"
FW_ALLOW_FW_SOURCEQUENCH="yes"
FW_ALLOW_FW_BROADCAST="no"
FW_IGNORE_FW_BROADCAST="yes"
FW_ALLOW_CLASS_ROUTING="no"
#FW_CUSTOMRULES="/etc/sysconfig/scripts/SuSEfirewall2-custom"
FW_CUSTOMRULES=""
FW_REJECT="no"
# FW_HTB_TUNE_DEV="ppp0,125"
#   FW_HTB_TUNE_DEV="ppp0,250"
FW_HTB_TUNE_DEV=""


The init scripts are divided in three stages: /etc/init.d/SuSEfirewall2_init, /etc/init.d/SuSEfirewall2_setup and /etc/init.d/SuSEfirewall2_final  which are easily managed by the rcSuSEfirewall2 script.
Sample configurations and some docs can be found in /usr/share/doc/packages/ and, while it's still possible to use the iptables command in the interactive shell or in custom scripts, the easy and fast choice is surely to comform to the SuSEfirewall2 logic.
The SuSEfirewall2 command provides some nice options:
SuSEfirewall2 start|stop Applies or removes the iptables.
SuSEfirewall2 status Show the status of the iptables (provides the output of iptables -L -nv).
SuSEfirewall2 test Simulates the rules, logging all the packets that would be dropped.
SuSEfirewall2 debug Prints to stdout the iptables commands that could be applied, without actually executing them.

Slackware - Network configuration

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-13 21:56:43 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-13 21:56:43
Tipo Infobox: DISTRO - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

The configuration and setup scripts for networking are a place where Slackware distinguishes itself from other distros.
The proper kernel modules to support ths system NICs are loaded by /etc/rc.d/rc.modules and, if setup has successfully recognized local hardware, /etc/rc.d/rc.netdevice.

The IP configuration parameters are placed in /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1.conf, they can be edited manually or configured by the netconfig tool.
As usual, /etc/resolv.conf contains the IP of the DNS servers and /etc/hosts the static hostname-IP settings.
The /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1 takes care to activate and configure the network interfaces and default gateway according to the user's configuration, the script /etc/rc.d/rc.inet2, executed later, mounts eventual NFS and SMB shares, starts the portmapper, starts firewalling (/etc/rc.d/rc.firewall start), activates IP forwarding (/etc/rc.d/rc.ip_forward start), starts the Inetd superdaemon (/etc/rc.d/rc.inetd start, configured by /etc/inetd.conf with services TCP wrapped according to the limits placed in /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny), the OpenSSH daemon (/etc/rc.d/rc.sshd start), the Bind name server (/etc/rc.d/rc.bind start), NIS (/etc/rc.d/rc.yp start) and NFS server (/etc/rc.d/rc.nfs start).
All these services are started if the relative scripts are executables, to disable one of them, chmod the script to be not executable (rough but effective).

Wireless networking is managed via the /etc/rc.d/rc.wireless, /etc/rc.d/rc.wireless.conf and /etc/rc.d/rc.wlan scripts.
The tool pppsetup cab be used to configure dial up networking, it operated on the files in .


The Linux filesystem

Overview of the filesystems and directory hierarchy on Linux

Linux filesystem hierarchy

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-06 23:05:34 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-06 23:05:34
Tipo Infobox: DESCRIPTION - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

The location of systems files (binaries, configurations, logs, devices, docs...) are typically a nightmare for a junior operator handling with Unix dialects.

There are Unix standards, there's a Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, there's the distro maintainer's choice but, most of all you have tools useful to locate files positions: which, locate, whereis, whatis, apropos, find...
In the apparent chaos of nested directories there's still coherence and login:
/bin - Essential user command binaries (for use by all users)
/boot - Static files of the boot loader
/devDevice files
/etc - Host-specific system configuration
/home - User home directories (optional)
/lib - Essential shared libraries and kernel modules
/media - Mount point for removeable media
/mnt - Mount point for a temporarily mounted filesystem
/opt - Add-on application software packages
/root - Home directory for the root user (optional)
/sbin - System binaries
/srv - Data for services provided by this system
/tmp - Temporary files
/proc - Kernel and process information virtual filesystem
      
/var - Variable files that change their size
/usr - Users commands and tools
    
/var/account - Process accounting logs (optional)
/var/cache - Application cache data
/var/crash - System crash dumps (optional)
/var/lib - Variable state information
/var/lock - Lock files
/var/log - Log files and directories
/var/mail - User mailbox files (optional)
/var/opt - Variable data for /opt
/var/run - Run-time variable data
/var/spool - Application spool data
/var/tmp - Temporary files preserved between system reboots
/usr/X11R6 - X Window System, Version 11 Release 6 (optional)
/usr/bin - Most user commands
/usr/include - Directory for standard include files
/usr/lib - Libraries for programming and packages
/usr/local - Local hierarchy
/usr/sbin - Non-essential standard system binaries
/usr/share - Architecture-independent data
/usr/src - Source code (optional)


System Administration

Common administration activities on Linux distributions

Managing Linux users

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-17 18:19:18 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-17 18:19:18
Tipo Infobox: DESCRIPTION - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

Linux as every Unix is a full multiuser operating system, with a privileged user (root), system users used to launch system commands and daemons (lp, nobody, mail, news, uucp ...) and normal human interactive users.

The users database is /etc/passwd (its logic and syntax is the same for every Linux)
Every modern Linux stores local users' passwords (and data) in /etc/shadow
Users can be placed in groups, defined in /etc/group
Systems's settings for UID/GID policy, password and login management are usually stored in /etc/login.defs.
The standard user files (copied in its home directory, when a user is created) are in /etc/skel/
The commands useradd, userdel, usermod are the basic ones that can be used to handle users.
The command passwd is used to change passwords.
Every Linux distro provides its own text or graphical frontends for user management (sometimes more than one) and many of them can use external sources for authentication and accounting: LDAP, an NT or Active Directory Domain, NIS. Usually these databases, useful for a centrally managed user base, use used before checking local authentication data in the above mentioned files.

The graphical tools that can be used to manage easily users change according to the distro used:

FEDORA provides its own User Manager (Command: system-config-users, Menu System Settings - Users and groups) to handle local users and the Authentication Configuration tool (Command: system-config-authentication, Menu System Settings - Authentication) to configure easily an external authentication mechanism and activate the use of shadow passwords. The text based authconfig utility can be used also for these settings.

MANDRAKE provides the utility /usr/sbin/userdrake to manage users with a nice graphical interface (Menu System - Configuration - Other - User Administration).

SLACKWARE does not provide custom user configuration tools. If installed from the CDs, it's possibile to use graphical tools as kuser on KDE, or the normal command line programs like adduser.

Logging system

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-17 18:37:45 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-17 18:37:45
Tipo Infobox: DESCRIPTION - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

Applications can log in two ways: according to their autonomous logic or via the system's log daemon: syslog
The syslog daemon has /etc/syslog.conf configuration file: analyze it in order to know where logs are stored.
Usually the directory /var/log/ is used for the system logs.

Many distributions provide tools to manage and analyze the system logs.
Logrotate is a well known log rotation tool which usually is configured in the /etc/logrotate.conf file and may have additional package-defined configurations in the /etc/logrotate.d/ directory

In order to understand what's happening on the system a brief analysys of /etc/syslog.conf is mandatory for checking the main logs positions.

Here is the basic logic used in the main Linux distro:

FEDORA logs the most relevant system messages in /var/log/messages, the mail messages in /var/log/maillog, the authentication attempts in /var/log/secure.
It uses by default LogRotate and provides the useful LogWatch to monitor and analyze system logs.
The command system-logviewer (Menu: System Tools - System Logs) is an handly graphical interface to check various logs.

MANDRAKE logs system messages in /var/log/syslog and /var/log/messages, mail messgaes in the directory /var/log/mail/ with different files for different logging levels, kernel messages in /var/log/kernel/, messages from varios daemons in the directory /var/log/daemons/, Mandrake's own configuration tools messages in /var/log/explanations, every kind of message on the tty12 virtual console, authentication data in /var/log/auth.log.
Interesting security related reports, not generated by syslog, but by Mandrake's own cronjob: /etc/cron.daily/msec are placed in /var/log/security/.
Logrotate is installed by default and supported by most of the packages.

SLACKWARE provides quite standard logging positions, with system messages in /var/log/messages and /var/log/syslog, mail messages in /var/log/maillog, authentication attempts in /var/log/secure. Logrotate is installed by default and supported by most of the packages.

Task scheduling

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-17 18:37:51 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-17 18:37:51
Tipo Infobox: DESCRIPTION - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

The are two common ways to schedule the unattended execution of programs: at and cron.

Usually at is installed without any default rule, cron, instead is installed and required for the execution of various system event (Read: NEVER disable cron).
Cron's system config file is /etc/crontab, users can store their own cron jobs in /var/spool/cron
Many distro provide (or require) anacron in order to execute "missed" cron jobs (planned at an hour when the system was off).
As usual, besides the common textual nature, there can be different graphical tools to manage and configure cronjobs.

Analyzing the system cron configuration files is often useful. Let's see a brief overview of the major distros:

FEDORA cronjobs are configured in /etc/crontab, in the directories /etc/cron.hourly/, /etc/cron.daily/, /etc/cron.weekly, /etc/cron.monthly, /var/spoll/cron/ (cron files per single users), /etc/cron.d.
The graphical tool used is KCron (Menu System Tools - Task Scheduler).

MANDRAKE cron activities are configured exactly in the same files and directories used by RedHat.

SLACKWARE doesn't use the usual /etc/crontab file and stores the systems's cron jobs in the /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root file, the same directory can contain the cron jobs of the single users.
Similarly to other distros, in the directories /etc/cron.hourly/, /etc/cron.daily/, /etc/cron.weekly, /etc/cron.monthly can be placed scripts to be executed at the relative interval. Slack uses dcron, which is an essential and simple cron implementation rewritten from scratch.

Mandrake - /etc/syslog

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-11-14 10:03:40 - Data di creazione: 2004-11-14 10:03:40
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 2- JUNIOR

Compared to other distros, Mandrake's /etc/syslog.conf has some particular settings that place some of its logs in unusual places.

[root@vagante root]# cat /etc/syslog.conf
# Various entry
auth,authpriv.*                                                 /var/log/auth.log
*.*;auth,authpriv.none                                          -/var/log/syslog
user.*                                                          -/var/log/user.log

# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!
*.info;mail.none;;news.none;authpriv.none                                       -/var/log/messages

# The authpriv file has restricted access.
authpriv.*                                                      /var/log/secure

# Mail logging
mail.=debug;mail.=info;mail.=notice                             -/var/log/mail/info
mail.=warn                                                      -/var/log/mail/warnings
mail.err                                                        -/var/log/mail/errors

# Cron logging
cron.=debug;cron.=info;cron.=notice                             -/var/log/cron/info
cron.=warn                                                      -/var/log/cron/warnings
cron.err                                                        -/var/log/cron/errors

# Kernel logging
kern.=debug;kern.=info;kern.=notice                             -/var/log/kernel/info
kern.=warn                                                      -/var/log/kernel/warnings
kern.err                                                        /var/log/kernel/errors

# Lpr logging
lpr.=debug;lpr.=info;lpr.=notice                                -/var/log/lpr/info
lpr.=warn                                                       -/var/log/lpr/warnings
lpr.err                                                         -/var/log/lpr/errors

# News logging
news.=debug;news.=info;news.=notice                             -/var/log/news/news.notice
news.=crit                                                      -/var/log/news/news.crit
news.=err                                                       -/var/log/news/news.err

# Daemons logging
daemon.=debug;daemon.=info;daemon.=notice                       -/var/log/daemons/info
daemon.=warn                                                    -/var/log/daemons/warnings
daemon.err                                                      -/var/log/daemons/errors


# Everybody gets emergency messages
*.emerg                                                         *

# Save mail and news errors of level err and higher in a
# special file.
uucp,news.crit                                                  -/var/log/spooler

# Save boot messages also to boot.log
local7.*                                                        -/var/log/boot.log

# Explanations from Mandrake Linux configuration tools
local1.*                                                        -/var/log/explanations
*.* /dev/tty12

Fedora - Syslog.conf

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-09-07 10:46:34 - Data di creazione: 2004-09-07 10:46:34
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Fedora's /etc/syslog.conf follows a standard logic: mail logs are stored in /var/log/maillog, system's logs are in /var/log/messages, cron jobs activities are in /var/log/cron, authentication data are in /var/log/secure.

[root@vagante /]# cat /etc/syslog.conf
# Log all kernel messages to the console.
# Logging much else clutters up the screen.
#kern.*                                                 /dev/console

# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none;local6.none            /var/log/messages

# The authpriv file has restricted access.
authpriv.*                                              /var/log/secure

# Log all the mail messages in one place.
mail.*                                                  /var/log/maillog

# Log cron stuff
cron.*                                                  /var/log/cron

# Everybody gets emergency messages
*.emerg                                                 *

# Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file.
uucp,news.crit                                          /var/log/spooler

# Save boot messages also to boot.log
local7.*                                                /var/log/boot.log
local6.*                                                /var/log/dhcpd.log

Slackware - syslog.conf

Autore: al - Ultimo Aggiornamento: 2004-11-14 10:14:04 - Data di creazione: 2004-11-14 10:14:04
Tipo Infobox: STDOUT - Skill: 3- INTERMEDIATE

Slack's syslogd configuration is quite normal, with info system messages logged in /var/log/messages, system warnings logged in /var/log/syslog, mail movements in /var/log/maillog, authentication records in /var/log/secure and general debug information in /var/log/debug.

root@vagante:/home/al# cat /etc/syslog.conf
# [...]
# Uncomment this to see kernel messages on the console.
#kern.*                                                 /dev/console

# Log anything 'info' or higher, but lower than 'warn'.
# Exclude authpriv, cron, mail, and news.  These are logged elsewhere.

*.info;*.!warn;\
        authpriv.none;cron.none;mail.none;news.none     -/var/log/messages

# Log anything 'warn' or higher.
# Exclude authpriv, cron, mail, and news.  These are logged elsewhere.

*.warn;\
        authpriv.none;cron.none;mail.none;news.none     -/var/log/syslog

# Debugging information is logged here.
*.=debug                                                -/var/log/debug

# Private authentication message logging:
authpriv.*                                              -/var/log/secure

# Cron related logs:
cron.*                                                  -/var/log/cron

# Mail related logs:
mail.*                                                  -/var/log/maillog

# Emergency level messages go to all users:
*.emerg                                                 *

# This log is for news and uucp errors:
uucp,news.crit                                          -/var/log/spooler
# [...]

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